62 Zoology of Colorado 



than in winter. The form pacificus of Brooks has been taken in 

 Colorado. 



The Old-squaw (Harelda hyemalis) in winter has the head 

 and shoulders white, except for dark patches on sides of head; but 

 in summer is sooty, with white belly, ash-gray face, and white 

 eyelids, the back streaked with chestnut. The Bufflehead (Char- 

 itonetta albeola) is small, with a round, crested head; the head is 

 shining purple, violet and green, with a very large white area on 

 each side. The Golden-eyes have the head dark with a white 

 patch on the cheek, behind the bill. In the American Golden-eye 

 (C. clangula amcricana) the head is green and the white patch 

 circular; in the Barrow Golden-eye (C. islandica) it is blue black, 

 and the spot triangular or crescent-shaped. 



The Anatinae or River Ducks are first divided into the Sho- 

 veller (Spatula clypeata), in which the bill is much expanded 

 toward the end, and the remaining genera in which this is not 

 true. The adult male Shoveller has the head and upper part of 

 neck black, glossed with green, abruptly and sharply contrasting 

 with the white lower part of neck. In the beautiful Wood Duck 

 (A ix sponsa) the tail feathers are wide and rounded at end; in 

 the remaining genera they are narrow and pointed at tips. The 

 adult male Wood Duck has the bill marked with black, white, 

 red and yellow; the head and crest purple and green, streaked 

 with white. Of the genera still to be separated, two (Marcca and 

 Querquedula) have the tail feathers reduced to 1 4 ; in the rest there 

 are at least 1 6. The Baldpate (Mareca amcricana) is easily known 

 in the adult male by the white crown, and the blue bill with white 

 tip. The Blue-winged Teal (Querquedula discors) has the under 

 parts spotted in the adult male, and mottled dusky and gray in 

 the adult female; while the Cinnamon Teal (Q. cyanoptera) is 

 bright cinnamon red beneath in the male, and mottled dusky and 

 buff in the female. There now remain four genera, among which 

 the Pintail (Dafila acuta tzitzihoa) is readily known by the long 

 sharp tail, the head without a crest. There is a white streak ex- 

 tending on to the head from the white throat in the male. The 

 small Green-winged Teal (Nettion carolinensis) has a chestnut 

 colored head in the adult male; the wing has a bright green spec- 

 ulum. Much larger ducks are the Gadwall (Chaulelasmus stre- 

 perus), the top of the head with a wide crest in the male, and the 



