164 



OTHER INSECTS 



mandibles and other mouthparts, anus, and thoracic legs. Compare 

 with what you have found in the grasshopper. Where are the wing- 

 covers and the wings? When the latter are found, note how they 

 fold up beneath their covers. Fasten down, dorsal surface up, by pin- 

 ning through the prothorax, spread one wingcover out at right angles, 

 and unfold the corresponding wing, which can be spread in the angle 

 between the wingcover and abdomen. Raise the head, if it bends too 

 far ventrally, and spread out the three legs on the side where wing 



Fig. 71. — The little black ant, Monomorivm mhvmum, one of the Order 

 Hymenoptera. a, male; b, pupa; c, wingless female; d, winged female; 

 e, worker, or sexually immature female; /, larva; g, eggs; group of workers 



in line of march below. 



(From C. L. Marlatt, 1916, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 740, U. S. Dept. Agriculture.) 



and wingcover are closed. Draw the specimen from this view and on 

 such a scale as to make the figure about 10 cm. long. Show the plates 

 of the skeleton with care, and number the somites of the thorax and 

 abdomen. 



(b) Examine, as directed by instructor, such additional preserved 

 or living specimens of beetles and their larvae as are available for 

 individual study or demonstration (c/. Fig. 73 f). In the larva of a 

 beetle, find the head, thorax, and abdomen, the mouth with its jaws^ 



