Fig. 73. — A study in ecology: the life-cycle and relationships to other species 

 of the true army-worm, Cirphis unipuncta, one of the Order Lepidoptera. 

 a, parent or adult moth; b, full-grown larva; c, eggs; d, pupa in soil; e, para- 

 sitic fly, Winthemia quadripustulata, laying its eggs on an army-worm; /, a 

 ground beetle, Calosoma calidum, preying upon an army-worm, and, at right, 

 Calosoma larva emerging from its burrow; g, a digger wasp, Sphex sp., carry- 

 ing an army-worm to its burrow; h, EnicospUus purgatus, an ichneumon-fly 

 parasitic on the larvae of the army-worm. All about natural size. 



(From W. B. Walton, 1916, Farmers' Bulletin, No. 731, U. S. Dept. Agriculture.) 



167 



