314 NORTH AMERICAN FAUNA 61, FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 



and with modern firearms in the hands of the natives, that the 

 northern herds will survive. Eskimos still kill walruses for food 

 and clothing. But with the use of firearms about 50 percent of 

 the animals sink and are lost. Today the walrus poses an im- 

 portant conservation problem. 



Family SCIURIDAE 



Marmota caligata: Hoary Marmot 

 Marmota caligata caligata 



Russian, Siberia: Tar-bah-gan (Buxton) 



Howell (1915, p. 58) gives the distribution of the marmot as 

 including much of southern and interior Alaska, Kenai Peninsula, 

 and Alaska Peninsula as far west as the Port Moller region. 

 Allen (1904, p. 278) records a marmot taken at "Muller Bay." 

 The type locality is Bristol Bay. They do not occur in the Kodiak- 

 Afognak Islands. 



Captain Cook (1842, p. 358), writing at Unalaska, states that 

 foxes and weasels were the only quadrupeds seen, but he adds 

 that he was told that there were hares, and the "marmottas" men- 

 tioned by Krasheninikoff in October, 1778. This statement probably 

 refers to the general region of Unalaska, and if the "marmottas" 

 are referable to "marmot," as used later, it is important to note 

 that this name was often applied to the ground squirrel, Citellus. 

 Marmot Island obviously was named for the ground squirrel. 

 There are no records of marmots west of Port Moller. 



Citellus parryii: Ground Squirrel 

 Citellus parryii ablusus 



Aleut (dialect?) :Andnuchgh (Osgood) 



Russian, (Morzhovoi Bay) : Everaskha (Wetmore) 



Russian, Siberia: Ov-rdhs-ka (Buxton) 



The type locality of this ground squirrel is Nushagak, and it 

 inhabits the entire length of Alaska Peninsula and Unimak Is- 

 land.. The ground squirrels from the Barren Islands, between 

 Kenai Peninsula and Afognak Island, also are this form, instead 

 of kodiacensis. These ground squirrels were introduced on Una- 

 laska Island by Samuel Applegate, of the U. S. Signal Service, 

 and they became plentiful in their new home. Osgood (1904, 

 p. 31) states that Applegate obtained the ground squirrels at 

 Nushagak. In 1936, Chief Alexis Yetchmeneff told us much the 

 same story, giving the date of the introduction as 1896 or 1897, 



