g6 Phylum Protozoa 



can exist. Therefore, in any attempt to culture Foraminifera it is neces- 

 sary to avoid temperatures above the mean that prevails in the sea during 

 the summer months. 



By employing the simple precautions herein described cultures of a 

 number of species of Foraminifera have been maintained for from one to 

 three years, and on several occasions have been sucessfully transported 

 over land a distance of more than 500 miles. 



References 

 Order Heliozoa 

 For the culture of Actinophrys see p. 136. 

 For the culture of Actinosphaerium see p. 74- 

 For the culture of Actinosphaerium ekhhomi see p. 60. 



Bibliography 



Allen, E. J., and Nelson, E. W. 1910. On the artificial culture of marine 



plankton organisms. /. Mar. Biol. Assoc. 8:421. 

 Myers, E. H. 1933. A mouth pipette and containers for smaller organisms. 



Science 77:609. 

 1934- The life history of Patellina corrugata, a foraminifer. Ibid. 79:436. 



Class Sporozoa, Order coccidiomorpha 



MAINTENANCE OF LABORATORY STRAINS OF AVIAN 

 PLASMODIUM AND HAEMOPROTEUS 



Clay G. Huff, University of Chicago 



SINCE methods for the growth of avian parasites of the genera 

 Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in the absence of living cells of 

 their hosts have not been worked out, these forms must be maintained 

 in one of their hosts. While successive generations of Plasmodium from 

 man have been "cultured," this has only been accomplished by the 

 daily addition of fresh erythrocytes, so that, strictly speaking, this 

 amounts to culture in vivo. A method of cultivation has not been worked 

 out which is successful in maintaining the strain over long periods of 

 time. The invertebrate hosts of all of the species of avian Plasmodium 

 whose life cycles have been worked out are culicine mosquitoes [See p. 

 376]. Avian species of Haemoproteus are transmitted by parasitic flies 

 belonging to the Hippoboscidae [See Huff, p. 446]. 



STRAINS OF AVIAN PLASMODIUM 



All strains of avian malaria of the genus Plasmodium may be main- 

 tained by inoculating blood from the infected into a normal bird. 

 P. relictum and P. cathemerium may be easily transmitted from bird to 



