340 Phylum Arthropoda 



moth (Tineola bisselliella) , the case-making species (Tinea pellionella) 

 may be reared satisfactorily in a similar manner. 



Family gelechiidae 



THE GOLDENROD GALL-MAKER, GNORIMOSCHEMA 

 GALLAESOLIDAGINIS* 



THE writer has never encountered any difficulty in securing eggs 

 from adults of G. gallaesolidaginis in the fall. Moths have been 

 caged time after time with living goldenrod stems in glass cylinders with 

 cheesecloth top, and in large outdoor cages 5x5x4 feet in size built over 

 clumps of goldenrod. In this way thousands of eggs have been secured. 



Female moths begin to deposit eggs within 4 or 5 days after emergence 

 when they have been previously confined with males. The eggs are 

 placed on both surfaces of a leaf, but usually on the under side and 

 preferably on one that is dried, and on the stems among the hairs. 



Moths have been observed to partake of nourishment in the form of 

 sweetened water when placed in indoor cages. It may be this factor 

 which causes females to deposit a greater average number of eggs in 

 indoor cages than under the semi-natural conditions of outdoor cages. 



The first determination of the time of hatching of the eggs followed 

 the failure in three successive winters of attempts to keep them through 

 the winter under semi-natural conditions. During the fourth winter of 

 experiment, eggs deposited regularly on dried leaves and stems of golden- 

 rod in the fall were carried through by placing these leaves and parts of 

 stems in small shell vials stoppered loosely at both ends with cotton; 

 the vials were in turn placed in larger vials similarly stoppered. This 

 method solved the problem of continued excessive moisture previously 

 encountered. The eggs hatched normally, the larvae producing galls 

 which were found on the new goldenrod shoots at the same time that 

 the galls of a similar size were present in the field. 



M. E. D. 



MASS PRODUCTION OF SITOTROGA CEREALELLA 



Stanley E. Flanders, University of California 



AMONG the Lepidoptera, those that feed on stored products are 

 l most readily reared. The grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is the 

 most adaptable for continuous reproduction in large numbers. This is 

 largely due to certain habits and tropisms that permit efficient mechan- 

 ical manipulation of the species. Also Sitotroga appears to have a much 



♦From an article in /. N. Y. Ent. Soc. 30:81, 1935, by R. W. Leiby, North Carolina 

 State Department of Agriculture. 



