376 Phylum A rthropoda 



Tap water was run through the stream in a very slow current and leaf 

 drift from natural streams was allowed to form drifts against pilings 

 made from skewers. This arrangement was most successful in a shaded 

 position out of doors, where it received enough light to permit the growth 

 of diatoms and blue-green algae on the submerged leaves. Pedicia al- 

 bivitta larvae have lived in a somewhat similar arrangement for over 3 

 months and then pupated and emerged, but this species is predacious and 

 should be provided with annelid worms or small larvae for food. 



Bittacomorpha clavipes and Ptychoptera rujocincta are easily reared 

 in aquaria provided with water from the habitat and containing enough 

 sphagnum and coarse plant detritus to form feeding and resting places 

 within breathing-tube-reach (5-15 mm.) of the surface. For Ptychoptera 

 some of the sphagnum should project above the surface. Bittacomorpha 

 has been carried through 3 generations in one such aquarium, the females 

 ovipositing while in flight above the surface of the water. Some support, 

 such as loosely hung horizontal lengths of thread across the top of the 

 aquarium, should be provided for the adults. 



Mature larvae of many, probably most, aquatic forms may be carried 

 through to the adult stage in loosely packed, wet, but well aerated, mosses. 

 Wet, aerated mosses also form the best medium in which to store tempo- 

 rarily and to transport aquatic immature stages. Larvae and pupae will 

 remain alive and vigorous for several days in such moss but usually 

 die within a few hours if placed in water. 



Family 



CULICIDAE 



METHODS OF REARING, MANIPULATING, AND CONSERV- 

 ING ANOPHELINE IMAGINES IN CAPTIVITY* 



Mark F. Boyd, T. L. Cain, Jr., and J. A. Mulrennan, Station for Malaria 

 Research, Tallahassee, Florida 



CERTAIN earlier publications (Boyd, 1926, 1930) presented im- 

 proved methods for large scale rearing of anopheline larvae which 

 depended upon feeding the larvae abundant quantities of Fleishmann's 

 yeast, placed in accessible positions in the rearing vessel. However heavy 

 larval mortality continued and the resulting imagines were smaller than 

 those encountered in nature and unreliable in their biting proclivities. 

 This problem has been solved by rearing the larvae in vegetable infusions 

 kept at a constant temperature. 



The technique was originally developed with Anopheles quadrimacu- 

 latus and has been found equally applicable without modification to the 



♦Arranged from articles in Amer. J. Hyg. 16:832, 1932; Amer. J. Hyg. 16:839, 1932; 

 and Amer. J. Trop. Med. 15:385, 1935- 



