448 Phylum Arthropoda 



The cannibalistic larvae were isolated for rearing in jelly tumblers or 

 smaller wire cages with moist earth and supplied with caterpillars or 

 pupae for food. The larvae prey on various caterpillars, but the life 

 history of Calosoma is particularly well adapted to that of the gipsy 

 moth. 



There is but one brood a year. The eggs hatch in June or July. There 

 are three larval instars and growth is attained by midsummer, after 

 which they enter the soil to pupate. Adults emerge the following spring. 

 Cages of wire cloth buried in the soil have served as suitable containers 

 for hibernation. 



Adult beetles as a rule live two years and frequently three, hibernating 

 in the soil during the intervening winter. After emerging from hiberna- 

 tion and feeding several days, mating takes place and eggs are laid by 

 the females. It is necessary for a female to mate several times during the 

 season or a large percentage of infertile eggs will be laid. The adults 

 will feed upon beef for a short time if caterpillars are not available, 

 but after a week they refuse to eat it. 



j. G. N. 

 References 



For the feeding of Calosoma calidum and C. scrutator see p. 242. 

 For the feeding of Tachyura incurva see p. 455. 

 For the feeding of Harpalus caliginosus see p. 242. 



Family haliplidae 



BREEDING AND REARING HALIPLIDAE* 



AFTER considerable experimentation, methods were found by which 

 l. it was possible to maintain these insects in the laboratory the year 

 around. Beetles collected in the field were separated, according to spe- 

 cies, into finger bowls containing water, with not more than 12 indi- 

 viduals in one bowl. Cistern water was used for the culture of all stages, 

 although from experiments it appeared to have no particular advantage 

 over tap, pond, or distilled water. A little muck was placed in the bot- 

 tom of the bowls in order that the beetles might hide in it when dis- 

 turbed. Branches of Elodea, Chara, or Ceratophyllum were also intro- 

 duced so that they might have a place to oviposit. The plants mentioned 

 were never changed during the winter. Water was added about every 

 month to replace that which had evaporated. During the summer, 

 changes were made whenever the water became foul, at times as often 

 as once a week. 



♦Abstracted from an article in Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 24:129, 1931, by Jennings R. 

 Hickman, Michigan State Normal School. 



