488 Phylum Arthropoda 



so that the top of the surrounding moss was at the same level as that 

 in the cage. There they remained over the winter, and until the insects 

 pupated and finally emerged as adults in the early summer following. 

 Similar treatment, differing only in that the cages were set in the ground 

 on high land, was unsuccessful, due primarily to the invasion of ants 

 that found their way into the cages and destroyed the sawflies. 



As the adults emerged they were removed from the cages and, if the 

 rearing of a second generation was desired, they were placed in the 

 oviposition cages described above. 



the jack pine sawfly, Neodiprion banksianae 



The jack pine sawfly was reared by using practically the same tech- 

 nique as that described for the larch sawfly except that the larvae were 

 confined during the feeding stage in muslin bags fastened on branch 

 ends of living trees. In the bottom of the cages for cocooning was placed 

 a layer of mineral soil about an inch thick, over which a layer of needle 

 litter from under jack pine trees was placed. These cages were set in 

 the ground under jack pine trees instead of in the swamp. 



The bags mentioned above were muslin cylinders large enough in 

 diameter to slip over the branch ends easily. Each was tied tightly 

 around the branch at the basal end and the outer end was closed with 

 a string which might easily be removed when it became necessary to 

 examine the cages. 



the spruce budworm, Harmologa fumiferana * 



Considerable difficulty has been experienced in rearing the spruce 

 budworm because of the exacting requirements of this insect at certain 

 stages. The method described here is of such recent development that 

 there has not as yet been time to carry individual insects of this species 

 through a complete cycle. We have, however, successfully handled 

 different sets of these moths in every stage and therefore it seems logical 

 to assume that the method described will prove to be a successful cul- 

 ture procedure. 



Oviposition. In early experiments, attempts were made to obtain 

 eggs of this insect by confining pairs in large cages enclosing trees six 

 feet or even more in height. All of these attempts were unsuccessful. It 

 was found, however, that mating and oviposition occurred regularly 

 if the pairs were placed in a shell vial with a shoot of their food plant, 

 jack pine for the pine form and fir for the fir-spruce form. A large pro- 

 portion of the eggs obtained in this manner proved to be fertile. 



Hibernation. Numerous attempts were made to carry the larvae 



* Order Lepidoptera. 



