248 ANNUAL, REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



through Institute work. At Institutes we have men who complain 

 to us about certain troubles, but when we get on the ground, we find 

 it is quite different from what it has been represented to us, and 

 we can give them direct help by getting on the ground. In many 

 cases I have to get right down on the ground and help them. I don't 

 hesitate to pull on overalls and go into the poultry liouse to help a 

 man. I do it at home, and I see no reason why I should not get right 

 into the poultry house to show a man how to keep out the lice. I 

 find on these farms a whole lot of men who are given credit for know- 

 ing a whole lot more than they do. I think that many of our fail- 

 ures are due to people who don't know Avliat they are about. And I 

 also think the number of failures is not greater in proportion than 

 in any other business. Many farmers are today making a good living 

 out of poultry. It is a favor to me to go and hear a man, and give 

 him all the assistance I possibly can, and show him how he may 

 make a success of the business if he works. The poultry business 

 is deceiving to some people. They think all they need to do is to buy 

 a few chickens, throw a little feed, and bring in the money. They 

 are the men that fail. At home in my own plant I have to work a 

 good many hours a day. I am willing to .go not only to the man 

 who runs a large poultry farm, but to the man who is raising a 

 few chickens in his back yard, because, after all, they are the people 

 who need it most, and they often develop into large poultry farmers. 



8. PROF. MENGES: Those of you who are acquainted with 

 Pennsylvania know that we have about as many varieties and types 

 of soil as any station the Union can have. Geologically, we begin 

 with the lowest formation, the Potsdam Sandstone, and we go up 

 and up and up, until we reach twelve hundred feet, or over, and 

 reach the Volutia. I could enumerate the various strata from which 

 we derive our soils, but I do not suppose you would know very 

 much of them by the time I got through. Now, my friends, the soils 

 of Pennsylvania differ just as much as the sources from which they 

 are derived. The Potsdam Sandstone, from which the Soutli Moun- 

 tain soils are formed, is the first of what is called "Geological For- 

 mation, Number One." It is an entirely different sandstone from any 

 other sandstone in the State of Pennsylvania. It has lime in it, and 

 a considerable amount of potash. Going a step higher, we have the 

 Medina, Oneida, Oriskany, which is the dividing line between the 

 Silurian and the Upper Devonian Age, and finally, you come into 

 the coal measure. You have this type of soil in Southeastern Penn- 

 sylvania, and I am of the opinion that it is the only good potato 

 soil in the entire State of Pennsylvania. Some of you are raising 

 potatoes on other types of soils, but you are not raising the pota- 

 toes you would raise on the Potsdam soil. Then you have the Cam- 

 bian Limestone; they have that in Lancaster county, and there you 

 will find the dairyman and the corn farms. If you want to go into 

 the dairy business, you ask Conard or Lighty to tell you about that; 

 I can tell you some of the crops your type of soil should raise, and 

 what type you have if I know what part of the State you are in. 

 Now, Mr. Fenstermacher raises potatoes on Hudson River Shale. 

 They are good potatoes, but you will probably buy your potatoes 

 from Dr. Funk, who raises them in Potsdam soil. 



