EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 127 



What Not to Buy. 



Do not buy what ran be raised on your own farm. The farmer will 

 not or should not tlierefore buy corn for he can usually grow it more 

 cheaply than he can buy it, and it does not contain sufficient protein to 

 balance a ration. He will, for the above reasons, buy no feed containing 

 as low a content of protein as does corn. Hay, silage, corn fodder, corn 

 stover, straw, etc., all are home-grown products and are ample to supply 

 crude fiber and furnish bulk to the ration. Therefore the feeder cannot 

 afford to buy these materials. 



The points to be considered then in buying a commercial feeding stuff 

 are, first, a high protein content, and second, a low^ crude fiber content. 



The first shows the presence in considerable amount of the very de- 

 sirable muscle-forming principle. The second shows the absence, in any 

 marked degree, of oat hulls, corn cobs, and roughages in general. 



In table 1 following are given the analyses of the feeding stuffs ex- 

 amined. The Nitrogen-free Extract and ash were not determined in these 

 samples. 



Notes on Table 1. 



Oat Feeds. — There are on the market various ground feeds, some of 

 them labeled "Oat Feeds," some "Corn and Oat Feeds," and others simply 

 called "Ground Feeds."' In nearly all of them some of the oat by-products 

 play an important role. Oat hulls, as the analysis shows, have a low 

 feeding value and they are very frequently used in the above-named feeds 

 instead of oats. If the crude fiber is above 12 per cent, in such feeds it 

 is usually safe to assume that oat hulls have been added in excess of what 

 would be present in ground oats. Some of these feeds contain corn 

 offal and an admixture of gluten feed, etc., to raise the percentage of pro- 

 tein. "Victor C. & O. Feed," with its 13.4 per cent, of crude fiber, and 

 "Koyal Oat Feed," with 25.4 per cent, of crude fiber, would come in this 

 class. Twenty-five and four-tenths per cent, of crude fiber in the "Royal 

 Oat Feed" show^s that it is little better than oat hulls alone. 



Oil Meals. — Oil cake meal and oil meal are synonymous terms and 

 refer to the linseed meal after the oil has been removed. After crushing 

 the flaxseed, it is heated and placed between cloths and the oil pressed 

 out by great pressure. The residual cake is sold as a stock food. This old 

 process oil meal still contains from 6 to 10 per cent, of linseed oil. The 

 new process oil meal differs from the old process in that the oil is ex- 

 tracted by the use of a solvent, usually naphtha. This new process oil 

 meal contains much less oil than does the old process. The pressed cake 

 from the old process is sometimes put on the market in cake form, but 

 in this country it is usually ground and s-old as oil meal, sometimes how- 

 ever as nut or pea size when not finely ground. 



Cottonseed Meal. — This well-known product is not often adulterated. 

 After the cottonseed envelopes have been removed the kernels containing 

 the oil are crushed, heated and subjected to pressure, as in the case of old 

 process oil meal. The residual yellow cotton oil cake is ground and 

 appears on the market in the form of meal. 



Gluten Feed and Gluten Meal — In the manufacture of starch and glu- 

 cose the soaked corn is coarsely ground and the starch and germ liber- 

 ated. The germ or sprout of the corn grain is floated off and dried, 



