290 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



leaf curl of the peach this solution is especially desirable. If used before 

 the middle of April a thorough application will entirely prevent the 

 attack. 



Weak Copper Sulphate Solution. 



Copper Sulphate 1 pound 



Water 200-400 gallons 



A solution of copper sulphate of this strength can be used with safety 

 upon nearly all plants. The stronger solution can be used upon all fruit 

 trees except the peach, for which a weak solution would be preferable. 

 Although less effective than Bordeaux mixture, the weak solutions of 

 copper sulphate may be used to advantage where it is not desirable to 

 apply mixtures containing lime. They seem fully as effectual as the 

 ammonia solutions and are much cheaper. 



Potassium Sulphide. 



Potassium Sulphide ( liver of sulphur) 3 ounces 



Water 10 gallons 



This solution is valuable for the gooseberry and other powdery mil- 

 dews, for which it seems even more effectual than Bordeaux mixture, al- 

 though its effects are less lasting. It does not discolor the fruit and is 

 quite harmless. 



Kerosene Emulsion. 



This is a well known remedy for use upon soft-bodied or scale insects 

 that suck the sap. It is made from kerosene, water and soap, either 

 hard or soft, or whale oil. 



To one quart of water add one pint of soft or two ounces of hard soap 

 and heat until the soap is dissolved. Add one pint of kerosene and agitate 

 freely for from three to five minutes, or until it forms a cream-like 

 emulsion, from which the oil does not separate upon standing. This is 

 a stock solution and can be kept for any length of time. Before using, 

 it should be diluted according to the condition of the trees and kinds of 

 insects. For scale insects it is desirable to spray while the trees are 

 dormant, after diluting this stock solution so that there will be one part of 

 kerosene to three of water, but if it is applied for the same class of insects 

 while the trees are in leaf, the amount of water should be at least seven 

 or eight times as great as of the kerosene in the stock solution. At this 

 strength it will be fatal to all soft-bodied insects and to many of the 

 scales, while for many of the insects with soft bodies it will be found 

 sufficiently powerful if fifteen parts of water are used to one of the 

 kerosene. 



When making the emulsion with whale oil soap, the amount of the soap 

 will vary with the amount of water it contains. If in a semi-liquid con- 

 dition, one pint will answer for a pint of the oil, while four ounces will be 

 sufficient if it is in a solid form. 



In making the emulsion care should be taken to keep the kerosene 

 away from fire, and a force pump should be used rather than to rely upon 

 a spoon or paddle. 



