EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS 



243 



growths and chemical relations, and may investigate their morphological 



properties under the microscope at will. 

 Anaerobic 



What has been said about 

 aerobic bacteria applies to 

 anaerobic bacteria only in part. 

 Everything is exactly the same 

 with this exception: The plates 

 and tubes when made are placed 

 into a jar or bottle, made for this 

 purpose, into which hydrogen or 

 some other inert gas is passed 

 as a substitute for air in which 

 these bacteria will not grow. 



ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS. 



m'* 



aitiil;'. 



Fi r. 26. AnPSrobic ap- 



piratus for tube 



CQlture. (Novy.) 



Fig. 25. Ana6rol ic plating 

 apparatus. (Novy.) 



The use of animals is limited almost entirely to work with infectious 

 diseases. They become in this line of work an essential factor to success- 

 ful experimentation, because of their power to similate man in pathologi- 

 cal conditions. Without these animals it is doubtful whether the relation 

 of the tubercle bacillus to tuberculosis would ever have been established; 

 or the curative properties of antitoxin in cases of diphtheria; or the relief 

 in hydrophobia; or, in short, a knowledge of the various infectious diseases 

 as to prophylactic measures or curative treatment. It is true that many 

 lives of lower animals have been sacrificed for the cause of science, but 

 when we take into consideration the results, we would be very near-sighted 

 if we did not say that it was justifiable. Scientists do not destroy life 

 promiscuously, but with a purpose; and they possess the same dread to 

 take life in the case of rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and all the smaller ani- 

 mals as those zoophilists who condemn this experimental work while munch- 

 ing a piece of juicy steak. 



Animals are also used in the diagnosis of diseases, in the determination 

 of the presence of poisons, and in the study of avenues of infection. They 

 are virtually indespensable to the scientific worker who is called upon to 

 guard the public against danger from unseen sources. Without these 

 lower animals a large portion of scientific work would be at a standstill. 



I am indebted to Bausch & Lomb, of Eochester, N. Y., for the electro- 

 types used in the illustration of this bulletin. 



