60 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



unslaked or air-slaked lime in 10 or 12 gallons of water. When the milk of lime 

 is ready, mix it with the copper solution in the following manner : 



First pour the copper solution into a barrel haviag a capacity of at least 45 

 gallons; then slowly add the whitewash, pouring this through a piece of coarse 

 sacking, in order to remove bits of stone, wood, etc. Finally till the barrel with 

 water, stir thoroughly and apply as directed below. 



Am7noniacal solution. — In an ordinary water-pail dissolve tive ounces of carbon- 

 ate of copper in three pints of aqua ammonia having a strength of 26 per cent. 

 When completely dissolved, pour the fluid into a barrel holding 45 gallons, and fill 

 the latter with water. If desirable the concentrated solution may be prepared in 

 advance and taken into the field in this form. When this plan is followed the liquid 

 should be kept in tightly corked jugs. In using the solution prepared in this way 

 it will only be necessary to measure out three pints, pour this into a barrel, and 

 fill the latter with water. 



TREATMENTS. 



Apple powde7-y jnildeio.— The most serious injury to the seedling, caused by this 

 disease, is the loss of its foliage. To prevent this, and thereby insure good work- 

 ing stocks for buds, spray the seedlings with the ammoniacal solution, first when 

 the leaves are about half grovvn, and thereafter at intervals of 12 days. Following 

 this plan, three sprayings will usually be made before budding and at least two 

 after this operation, making five in all. It is seldom that powdery mildew proves 

 serious to budded or grafted stock, with the exception of certain particularly sus- 

 ceptible varieties. In such cases practically the same line of treatment recom- 

 mended for the seedlings may be followed. 



Pear leaf-bUcjht. — Nearly all varieties of the pear are subject to this disease, 

 which attacks the young and tender seedlings as well as old fruit-bearing trees. 

 In the nursery the seedlings must be protected, otherwise the leaves will drop by 

 the first of July, and it will be next to impossible to work the stocks. Beginning 

 then with the seedlings, we would recommend that they be sprayed with the 

 Bordeaux mixture, first when the foliage is half grown, and thereafter as recom- 

 mended for apple powdery mildew, excepting an additional treatment after the 

 buds are inserted, making six in all. The next season, as soon as growth starts, 

 begin the spraying again, making six applications during the growing period. 

 This should be kept up as long as the tree stands in the nursery, after which the 

 •orchardist, if he wishes to succeed with it, must follow a similar plan. It may 

 occur to some that so much additional labor upon a tree will not pay. Careful 

 estimates show, however, that it does pay. But this side of the question will be 

 more fully discussed under cost of treatment. 



Plum, cherry and quince leaf-blight. — The directions for treating pear leaf-blight 

 are applicable to all] of these diseases. While, however, the Bordeaux mixture 

 has certainly given the best results in treating the last-named disease in the nursery, 

 it is questionable whether for the plum, cherry and quince the ammonical solution 

 will not answer as well. We have never been able to see any material difference, so 

 far as effectiveness is concerned , between these preparations. The ammoniacal solu- 

 tion is cheaper and more easily prepared and applied . Such being the case, it would 

 probably be best to use it, 



APPLYING THE REMEDIES. 



Much of the success or failure of the work will depend on the manner in which 

 the fungicides are applied. With suitable spraying pumps and nozzles, the work is 

 not tedious nor difficult. In nearly all of our work the Knapsack sprayers have 



