WINTER MEETING AT CAETHAGE. 99 



them, I would begin to believe there is somethiug in this whole-root 

 business. 



Mr. Roberts, of Kansas — There is a law in Kansas to send a man 

 to prison for selling trees not true to name, but I have never heard of a 

 prosecution under it. Men make fraudulent sales in great numbers. 

 One man came to me to buy Shaffer's Colossal raspberry to fill orders 

 for the Japanese Wineberry. Pie filled orders for Wineberry and every 

 other kind he had sold. 



Secretary Goodman — Just as sure as you lean your trees to the 

 southwest you will have the heaviest branches on the northeast. Plant 

 jour trees upright. 



Sam Miller — I use a wash of two pounds of soap, two ounces 

 carbolic acid and three gallons water. 



Mr. Lionberger wishes to know the best varieties to plant for an 

 orchard of one hundred trees in an unfavorable location, where bitter 

 rot is prevalent. 



Question — Will ashes and lime from a furnace, mixed with a little 

 salt, be a good fertilizer, and will it prevent aphis ? 



Sam Miller — It will. We used it in the East and where it was used 

 there was very little aphis. 



Mr. Ames — I wish to say in reference to the orchard of which I 

 spoke, we made potash alongside of it and carted great quantities of 

 leached ashes into the orchard. What shall I do with trees badly 

 affected with the aphis ? 



J. 0. Evans — One or two bushels of good wood ashes placed 

 around the roots will help them. 



Dr. Curry — I have found no difficulty whatever with woolly aphis. 

 I use ashes and salt for it. I think the whole matter of the whole-root 

 business something of a humbug. I have both kinds in the same 

 ground, and have lost more of the whole-root trees than of the piece- 

 root. In a few years I find both stand upon their own roots. There 

 are no-top roots found upon those I graft upon whole roots. The 

 roots grow to the surface too much in a cultivated orchard. I think 

 Mr. Helvern's trees would have done better if he had done less labor. 

 The deep holes would hold water and injure the trees. Some of our 

 irees are dying from a cause we have not discovered. I think it is 

 typhoid fever. The year I lost most of my trees the people had the ty- 

 phoid fever. 



W^hitewash I believe is a robber. I think it will stop up the pores 

 of the trees. 



L. A. Goodman — Alkali or lime never stops up the pores. It is 

 soluble in the rains and dew. 



