!18 



STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



all hardy bulbs except lilies should be divided every two or three 

 years; lilies should under no common circumstances be disturbed for 

 from live to eight years. 



Of course this paper refers only to the out-door culture of hardy 

 bulbs, but these same Dutch bulbs make splendid winter bloomers, and 

 they have the grand advantage of not being- injured by even a severe 

 freeze, if such an accident should occur. And in conclusion, lest some 

 should think it impossible to spare the time necessary for their cultiva- 

 tion, let me say that I have kept, as carefully as possible, an account of 

 the time spent, and for the last four years the time occupied by me in 

 working- among flowers has averaged about twenty-five minutes a day,^ 

 and, as I grow about five hundred and fifty varieties, I feel sure that 

 the hardy bulbs do not occupy more than an average of ten minutes a 

 day. Gr. C. Elliott, 



Panacea, Mo. 



SPRAYING APPLE ORCHARDS IN A WET SEASON. 



( Cornell University Agricultural College Experiment Station ) 

 Experiments in spraying for apple-scab and apple-worm were made 



this year in the orchard of John McGowan, a fruit-grower living near 



the University farm. The orchard consists principally of King and 



Baldwin apples. 



The summer's work is particularly interesting from the fact that 



the season was very wet, the rainfall from June 1 to July 1 being as 



follows : 



June. 



Total, 5 20 



The total rainfall is 1.31 inches above the average for the month. 

 Most of the days during which no rain fell were cloudy and warm, and 

 the atmosphere was moist. The first week in July was also rather wet,, 

 but later the rainfall was considerably less. Such conditions are gen- 

 erally supposed to favor the development of the apple-scab (Fusicla- 

 dium dendriticumj, and perhaps also other fungi which work upon the 

 trees. The rains also wash off the materials which are applied to the 

 trees. Professor Atkinson has examined diseased fruit taken from the 

 orchard in which the experiments were made, and has found that a 

 large part, if not all, of the injury done to the apples by fungi, was 



