220 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



PART I — EXPERIMENTS OF THE SEASON. 



Until recently, insecticides and fungicides have been applied sep- 

 arately. The following experiments were made to determine the value 

 and practicability of spraying apple orchards with a combination of 

 insecticides and fungicides. From the good results which have com- 

 monly followed the use of Paris green, it was thought possible that it 

 may have some value as a fungicide when used alone. Applications 

 were made to test this point. 



The combinations applied were Paris green and the Bordeaux 

 mixture, and London purple and the Bordeaux mixture. Paris green 

 •was also used alone. The arsenites were used at the rate of two and 

 one-half ounces to 40 gallons of liquid, which is the equivalent of one 

 pound to about 250 gallons. The Bordeaux mixture was made accord- 

 ing to the formula : 



Sulphate of copper (crystals). 



Lime (unslaked) 



Water 



6 pounds 



4 pounds 



40 gallons 



The sulphate of copper dissolves very slowly in cold water. It is 

 better to buy it in the form of a powder, or to use boiling water, which 

 dissolves it more quicklj. Four or five gallons of hot water should 

 readily dissolve enough of the copper sulphate to make 40 gallons of 

 the mixture. It is better to use quick lime, but that which has been 

 air-slaked will also answer the purpose if about one-fourth more is 

 used. 



The arsenites were added to the mixture just before the applica- 

 tions were made to the trees. The mixtures were carried in the orchard 

 in a barrel holding 40 gallons, and lying horizontally upon a wagon. 

 The pump used was No. 549 of the Dealing company, Salem, Ohio. It 

 was secured to the top of the barrel. A hose, which discharges into 

 the barrel for the purpose of keeping the mixture stirred, may be 

 attached to the pump, but this was not used. 



The amount of liquid applied to each tree averaged about Ah gallons 

 per application. The trees are about 20 years old. They are thrifty, 

 and in excellent condition. The retail price of the sulphate of copper 

 is about 8 cents per pound, and Paris green is sold for about 35 cents. 

 Adding the cost of the lime at 33 cents per bushel, this makes the 

 actual outlay per tree for material about 5 cents for each application of 

 the combination of Bordeaux mixture and Paris green. If London 



