MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS. 221 



purple were used, it would reduce the cost a little, for this poison 

 should sell for about 20 cents a pound retail. If Paris green is used 

 alone, the cost of each application is less than 1 cent per tree. Two 

 men should spray from 100 to 125 trees per day, and do the work well. 

 Counting the cost of applying at 2 cents per tree, this makes the total 

 cost of each application of the combined insecticides and fungicides 7 

 cents per tree, or about 25 cents for four applications, this number 

 being perhaps sutlficient in even very wet seasons. 



Most of the petals fell from the trees June 6 and 7. The first 

 application was made June 13, the weather in the meantime being warm 

 and damp. This application was without doubt delayed too long, for 

 at the time of the second application, June 22, diseased spots could be 

 found both upon the joung fruits and upon the leaves in some of the 

 places which were thickly covered with the Bordeaux mixture, thus 

 showing that the work of the fungus began very early in the season. 

 The first application should be made, at the latest, immediately after 

 the blossoms fall, and it is probable that good results will follow one 

 made earlier. 



The orchard was sprayed a third time July 1, and again July 22, 

 the mixture in each case being prepared as for the first application. 



The apples were harvested early in October, and at that time they 

 were carefully examined with regard to the amount of scab and num- 

 ber of worms present. The yield from two to four trees of each lot 

 sprayed was counted and graded. In most cases all the apples borne 

 by the tree were examined, but occasionally only a portion sufficiently 

 large to give a fair estimate of the character of the yield. The apples 

 were divided into four grades, as follows : 1st, those entirely free from 

 scab ; 2d, ranking as first-class, or those whose market value had not 

 been affected by insects or fungi, although attacked ; 3d, ranking as 

 second-class, or evaporating apples, those whose market value had 

 been more or less reduced by insect or fungous injuries, the apples as 

 a rule being smaller than the above, but not seriously misshapen; 4th, 

 cider-apples, or all those remaining after the preceding grades had 

 been removed. The apples of each grade were counted, as was also 

 the number of wormy ones borne by each tree. The following table 

 shows the result. The numbers represent the average of the results 

 obtained from the different trees : 



