FORTY-FIRST ANNUAL REPORT. 31 



one section in California, a very small section, that so far they seem to 

 be immune from the codling moth. 



A Member — To what do they attribute that? Why are they immune? 



Mr. Waller — To the peculiar climatic conditions. It is a very narrow 

 belt or strip, something like three miles. On the other side of this belt, 

 a little further back, the codling moth is as bad as in any sections of 

 the west. And I have heard of isolated valleys in Oregon where the 

 codling moth as yet has not been seen. But I think it will be only a 

 matter of a few years until the codling moth will spread and be there. 



A Member — The explanation a western man gave me as to why these 

 several districts were immune was on account of the nights being so 

 cool that the codling moth could not propagate there. 



Mr. Smythe — Do you believe it? 



President Farrand — Thirty years ago we were immune from it in 

 Michigan. Perhaps there is an explanation in the life history of the 

 insect. The female moth does not fly — it is a sluggish creature that 

 simply crawls around. This being true, the theoi-y of its flying is 

 knocked out. All we can say is that it has not yet got to these isolated 

 places, but it will get there just as certain as they get the San Jose scale. 



Mr. Pratt — I have a brother that has been all through that north- 

 western country in the employ of the government. He has just returned 

 and tells me that this year their crop was light and they omitted one 

 spraying. He says they have the fungus disease as bad as we. 



Mr. ^Vhite — I recently had the privilege of talking to one of the ex- 

 pert entomologists of the Oregon experiment station, and he said that 

 they had these fungus diseases and other pests out there just the same 

 as we do, and that it was the real estate men who were giving out the 

 impression that they were immune from these troubles. 



Mr. Smythe — The public at large that are buying western land think 

 that there are no diseases to fight out west, but when they bump up 

 against the real thing they find out different. I don't think that we are 

 the only country in the world that has all the pests. 



A Member — Where is that place in California where they do not have 

 the codling moth? 



Mr. Rowe — I have had the honor as well as the privilege of judging 

 the fruit at Watsonville for the last two years, and there were two large 

 exhibits of fruit from this region, last year there being six carloads and 

 this year forty-two carloads from this valley. It is close to the coast. 

 The first settlers that went in there were stockmen, but their sons all 

 went into wheat growing for fifteen years. Then their sons in turn went 

 into fruit growing and now practically the whole of that valley is in 

 apples. And that valley produces more apples than any six western 

 states. I know that is a large statement, but the figures will bear it 

 out. These show that the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Utah, 

 Montana and Colorado have produced on an average for the last five 

 years 4,621 carloads a year, while the Prospero valley has during 

 the past ten years produced annually over 5,000 carloads. During ail 

 these years that they have been growing apples there, they have had but 

 one failure, and that was eight years ago. Up until that time one of 

 their greatest pests had been the codling moth. And it stayed with them 

 in spite of their sprayings, and they had at least from twenty-five per 

 cent to forty per cent of wormy fruit. And that is why the great can- 



