260 MISOSURI STATE HORTICULTUKAL SOCIETY, 



produced by care and toil is something stupendous, simply because 

 other things not demanded are done. 



In 1854 it was precisely as the American Magazine of Boston in 

 1834 said, all the surplus productions and wealth of the nation were in 

 the rich south and west, and the people of New England having noth- 

 ing to export, must go to the south and west to get rich, or make more 

 than a bare living. To day ail the surplus of this nation is made south 

 and west. Yes, the wealth is created here, but the money which is not 

 wealth, nationally considered, is only the instrument whereby wealth 

 is exchanged, circulated and put in process for consumption, is all in 

 the east or' comes hence. Ah, if they could not produce exports, they 

 found out how to appropriate ours, export and exchange it for what 

 would get all we could ever make — banks, railways, telegraphs, tele- 

 phones, insurance, (fire,liie and accident), bonds, stocks — all are where 

 " no surplus is created, and they are too poor to raise exports." How is 

 this? It is like building all the houses at London, but going to Jeru- 

 salem for the tools. 



In 1854 we were a jrreat and raightj'^ nation ; our growth in popu- 

 lation, manufactures and wealth, the wonder of the world. (See 

 speeches in Congress, and census for 1860.) Eighteen thousand new 

 manufactories were created between 1850 and 1860 — less than eighteen 

 hundred were started between 1870 and 1880 — and a much smaller per- 

 centage of capital invested than between 1850 and 1860. We added 

 125 per cent, to the national wealth in the first decade; in that of 

 1860-70, not over -36 per cent, (owing to the waste of war) ; but in that 

 of 1870 to 1880 we added still less, and by no means in the ratio of our 

 increase of population and its expansion over territory. Nebraska, 

 Kansas and Dakota may be said to have been almost created since 

 1870 with their miraculous product, but when we come to measure it 

 by the dollars, there is no increase — more bushels but less dollars — 

 " more turkey, no meat," as the Indian said. The " tramp '' is abroad, 

 a word and man unknown before 1870; and if it be said it is because 

 we have more people, I deny it, and prove the denial : because, what 

 with railway expansion all over the continent, so much more land was 

 made accessible by 1875, that as compared with 1860. We were actu- 

 ally a dense crowded population in Is60 compared to what we were in 

 1875, when there were over one million tramps marching or slouching 

 over the continent. Owing to theimmensf^ new territory opened to us by 

 1875, land fell down to nominal prices in the west, and the land mar- 

 ket was brought low all over the civilized world. No ; let us open our 

 eyes. Villainy in high places was and is the sole cause ; villainy so 

 deep that the people may never comprehend it. Officials, whose sal- 



