secretary's budget. 431' 



them, forming a compact, colorless stroma, which can scarcely be dis- 

 tinguished from mildew under the leaf cuticle. The exposed mycelium 

 soon produces a sparse development of olive-brown threads, which 

 are sometimes divided into short cells, that break apart and serve tO' 

 multiply the fungus. In many cases the cells grow much larger, and 

 in course of time they produce spores of a greenish-brown color, usu- 

 ally one celled, but sometimes with a single cross partition. It appears,, 

 from studies made, that the apple leaf blight and scab are the same 

 thing, which in the one case lives beneath the cuticle, and in the other 

 in the epidermal cell?. 



The effects of leaf mildew on the tree are injurious in a marked' 

 degree. Not onlv is the starch and other assimilated matter of the 

 injured leaves more or less completely lost, but these organs are so- 

 deformed as to be of little use. Assimilation has become interrupted' 

 by the fungus, so that the reserve material has been reduced to such- 

 an extent that the next year's fruit crop will be greatly diminished- 

 Among the varieties most subject to the leaf blight we may enumerate : 

 Westfield Seek-no-further, Tallman Sweet, Large Yellow Crab, Trans- 

 cendent, Brier Sweet Crab, Late Strawberry, Fameuse, Walbridge and 

 Haas. Most Crab hybrids and Russian varieties are less liable to at- 

 tack than those mentioned in the above list. The Scab also has its. 

 favored sorts. Among these may be mentioned the Fameuse, Early 

 Harvest, Northern Spy ; while Duchess, Alexander, Golden Russet 

 and Wealthy, scab less. 



In the orchard of Mr. Hatch, of Ithaca, Richland county, Wis- 

 consin, 99 per cent, of Fameuse and Walbridge, 40' per cent, of Haas,. 

 20 per cent, of Tlum's Cider, 10 per cent. Pewakee, 5 to 10 per cent. 

 Tetofsky, and something less than 5 per cent, of Duchess, scab injuri- 

 ously in bad years. Numerous specimens of apples brought into the- 

 Chicago market this year are very badly affected by the 1 ungns disease.. 



REMEDIES. 



Better system of drainage and more open planting. Leaves should 

 be raked together on a still and damp day and burned. Prof. Burrill' 

 suggests pruning away any unnecessary growth that is most affected, 

 then syringing the tree with an emulsion of kerosene oil made with, 

 soap and water. 



CLOVER IN AN ORCHARD. 



A correspondent asks the Michigan Farmed' if there is any better 

 substitute for a hog pasture in an orchard than June clover,, and says. 



