secretary's budget. 435 



(7.) All the apples, both fallen and ripened, 16,529 in number, 

 were examinred individually for insect injuries, and those due to the 

 codling moth and curculio separately noted. 



(8.) As a result of the examination of 2,418 apples from trees 

 which had been sprayed with Paris green, and of 2,964 others from 

 trees which had not been so treated, checked for comparison, the end 

 of the season showed 21 per cent, of the sprayed apples had been in- 

 fested by codling moth, and 67.8 per cent, of those not so treated ; while 

 22.4 per cent, of the poisoned lot had been infested by the curculio 

 and 20,3 per cent, of those not sprayed. That is to say, treatment with 

 Paris green had been entirely ineffective for the curculios, but have 

 saved something more than two-thirds of the apples which would other- 

 wise have been damaged by the codling moth. It should be remem- 

 bered in this connection, that the Pans green not only serves to pro- 

 tect the apples from attack, but by destroying the insects, must assist 

 to lessen the amount of insect injury in succeeding years. Analysis 

 of apples one week after treatment with Paris green, a heavy storm in- 

 tervening, gave abundant evidence that this insecticide could not be 

 safely applied for some weeks preceding the harvesting of the fruit. 



(9.) As a result of the comparison of 1,205 apples from a single 

 tree sprayed with London purple, and 2,036 apples from a check tree 

 not so treated, it appeared that 49 per cent, of the former were affected 

 by the codling moth, and 58.8 per cent, of the later, and also that 23 

 per cent, of the first lot of apples had been invaded by curculios, and 

 23.6 per cent, of the second lot. The London purple thus saved about 

 one-sixth of the apples which would otherwise have been sacrificed to 

 the codling moth, and like the Paris green, it was without effect upon 

 the curculios. In comparing these results with those derived from the 

 Paris green experiment, it must be remembered, however, that the 

 spraying with London purple began four days later than that with Paris 

 green, and that only one-half the amount was used. It should be fur- 

 ther noted that both were applied to the limit of serious damage to the 

 foliage, conspicuous as early as the last of July. 



(10.) 1,706 apples obtained from a tree treated with lime, as com- 

 pared with 1,825 apples collected from a tree of the same variety used 

 as a check, show that 53.9 per cent, of the former contained the apple 

 worm, and 49.8 per cent, of the^latter, thus indicating the uselessness 

 of this substance against the codling moth. A similar application made 

 to a tree heavily loaded with fruit, bearing 3,555 apples, and placed in 

 comparison with a tree of another variety, bearing only 820 apples, 

 serves merely to show that the ratio of codling moth injury to the fruit 

 •of a single tree depends largely upon the number of apples borne. The 



