436 MISSOURI STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



lime had no injurious effect whatever upon the foliage. Here as in the- 

 other cases we found that the curculios were entirely unaffected by the 

 insecticide application. In fact, I believe we may fairly^conclude from 

 this year's work that it is useless to attempt to combat the plum cur- 

 culio in the apple orchard by insecticide applications to the fruit. 



(11.) As bands for traps serve only to capture the apple worm 

 after it has done its mischief, and hence interpose only a general pro- 

 tection against future attack, and are liable to be rendered ineffectual 

 by the neglect of one's neighbors, the use of Paris green will serve at 

 least as a valuable addition to remedial measures against the codling 

 moth. Since it may be safely applied, however, only to the spring 

 brood, it is best to use both bands and insecticides, each measure sup- 

 plying the deficiency of the other. 



FINAL CONCLUSIONS. 



(12.) Attending only to the picked apples, and condensing our 

 statement of results to the last extreme, we may say that, under the 

 most unfavorable circumstances, Paris green will save to ripening^ at 

 a probable expense of ten cents per tree, seven-tenths of the apples 

 which must otherwise be conceded to the codling moth; that London 

 purple will apparently save about one fifth of them ; and that lime 

 will save none. Furthermore, all these applications are without effect 

 on the apple and plum curculios in the apple orchard. 



(13.) Our observations upon the life history of the codling moth 

 merely confirm the statement of previous observers in this latitude, ta 

 the effect that the insect is double brooded. It is apparent, however,, 

 that the first attack is not made upon the apple until this has reached 

 the size of a small pea. For next year, I propose, if the conditions ar& 

 at all favorable, to carry on these experiments on a larger scale, ta 

 vary them in such a way as to show the smallest quantity of the poison 

 and the fewest applications that will effect the purpose of protection, 

 and to thoroughly test other remedial measures than those we have 

 studied this year. 



The orchards that continue to bear are those that either stand on 

 naturally strong land, or are kept invigorated by manure either spread 

 on the surface from the yard or distributed by hogs. The latter plan 

 is much the readiest way of keeping up the fertility, and it don't mat- 

 ter if the soil is never again broken, except by the primeval plow 

 which the hog employs. 



