470 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



SOIL RBQUIRtEIMENrrS 



Trees differ in their soil and moisture requirements. Some will do 

 well on sandy soil. Others require deep moist soil. 



Trees may be classified according to the soils upon which they do best. 

 In establishing a forest plantation only those trees should be selected 

 which are adapted to the soil in question. It should be noted, however, 

 that trees will grow upon a great variety of soils and that the moisture 

 conditions are of prime importance. Trees may be planted for ornament 

 or shade upon a soil which is not their first choice. Nearly all trees 

 will grow upon a better soil than that on which they occur naturally. 

 The following list shows the general type of soil upon which certain 

 species of trees may ordiuarilj^ be planted : 



Light sand — Jack pine, Scotch pine, red pine, poplars, box elder. 



Gravel — Red pine, Scotch pine, Norway spruce, chestnut. 



Sandj^ loam — White pine, red pine, Norway spruce, red oak, poplars, 

 maple. 



Loam — Norway spruce, white pine, European larch, white ash, oaks, 

 maples, beech. 



Heavy soil — Walnut, hickories, ash, basswood, silver maple. 



Swamp soil — Silver maple, sj'camore, tamarack, balsam, white cedar. 



TIBBBS FCXR VArRIOUlS PURIPOSDS 



Trees may also be classified according to their ability to produce 

 wood for certain purposes in the shortest time, as follows: 

 Lumber — White pine, red pine, ash, basswood. 

 Pulp — Norway spruce, poplar, basswood, larch. 

 Excelsior bolts — Basswood, poplar, willow. 

 Poles and posts — Larch, red pine, red oak, jack pine, catalpa. 

 Ties — Larch, red oak, jack pine, red pine. 



TREES iron iPLANiTING 



Trees grow at different rates depending on the species and the location 

 or character of the soil and climate, where they are planted. Some 

 species, like the jack pine, grow rapidly at first but are later surpassed 

 by other species such as the red and white pines. Some trees are com- 

 paratively short-lived and while they may grow rapidly for a number of 

 years do not last long enough to give satisfaction. The Carolina poplar 

 is one of the fastest growing trees in Michigan but it is short-lived and 

 is subject to attack by the poplar borer which is likely to destroy it. 

 The black locust, also, is subject to attack by an insect, the locust borer, 

 which practically precludes its successful planting in the State. The 

 silver maple is a fast growing tree but is comparatively short-lived and 

 the wood is of little value. The oaks and sugar maples are slow growing 

 trees. The following are some of the more important trees for forest 

 planting in this State : 



WHITE PINE 



White pine has probably been used for forest plantations more than 

 any other tree in Michigan. It is a native of the State and does well 

 on deep, light, moist and sandy soils. It grows quite rapidly after it has 



