32 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



Besides these articles which we have just been considering, 

 such as hides, skins, meat, tallow, soap, glue, and bones, 

 whose annual export value amounts to a hundred and fifty 

 million dollars, is the trade in hoofs, hair, and horns, which, 

 after disposition has been made of the meat, tallow, and hide 

 (each having certain functions to perform), are saved for 

 their several purposes. The short hair of cattle is used as an 

 ingredient for mortar ; the long hair of tails is used in the 

 manufacture of hair-cloth, also for sieves, strings for fiddle- 

 bows, &c. ; while the shorter qualities are prepared for curl- 

 ing for stuffing mattresses, sofas," &c. 



The horn is adapted to various mechanical and domestic 

 purposes, and the demand is on the increase. Occasionally 

 there is a scarcity of horns in the market. A great many 

 horns and hoofs of cattle used in this country come from 

 South America, Southern Africa, and Russia ; but the horn 

 button is not made of horn, but of the hoofs of horned cat- 

 tle. 



Recently devised methods render the horn soft and elastic 

 like whalebone. Not only horn buttons are made of hoofs 

 but many of the ornaments worn by the ladies upon their 

 persons and dress. Cattle hoofs sell at the present time for 

 fifty dollars a ton. The refuse bones and meat and the 

 entrails, after the extraction of the tallow by a steaming 

 process, together with the blood of all animals, are sold to 

 the manufacturers of fertilizers. We learn that the firm of 

 Bowker & Co., manufacturers of the Stockbridge Manures, 

 pay forty thousand dollars annually for these refuse mate- 

 rials at the Brighton abattoir, which comprise but a small 

 part of what they use, very much being obtained from Chi- 

 cago. 



CHEESE. 



Of the products derived from cattle-husbandry, butter and 

 cheese are attracting much attention at the present time. 



There has been no industry among the varied enterprises 

 of the country, excepting, perhaps, the petroleum trade, 

 which has developed more rapidly than the manufacture of 

 cheese. 



Previous to 1870, cheese-factories had not long been es- 

 tablished (the first one was established in 1851), and had 

 not come into general use ; but they were quickly adopted 



