MEAL FOR COWS. 107 



and good milk ; and I think that is about all we can expect 

 from any one breed. When we step aside from that, the 

 Jersey cow is remarkable for butter ; but there is not a great 

 deal left of her after you get through ; while the other breeds 

 are very good for milk, and they make a superior quality of 

 butter. A great deal depends upon feeding well in making 

 a good quality of butter. 



Question. What is your experience in regard to feeding 

 cotton-seed ? 



Mr. Ellsworth. Cotton-seed, to a small extent, is very 

 good. I should not want to feed it very high. It is very 

 hearty and very rich food. I should want to feed some 

 shorts and some roots with it. 



Mr. Crafts. Would you give a cow all the hay she 

 would eat in winter ? 



Mr. Ellsworth. I would give her all she would eat in 

 two meals. I would not feed her oftener than twice a day ; 

 then she will have ample time to manufacture her food into 

 milk and beef. 



Mr. Crafts. Have you tested cows in that way ? 



Mr. Ellsworth. Yes, sir. 



Mr. Flint. I would like to ask Mr. Ellsworth the average 

 weight of his dairy cows, and how much meal he feeds a day, 

 on the average. 



Mr. Ellsworth. My cows, when I turn them for beef, 

 will average somewhere in the vicinity of seven hundred 

 pounds of good beef. That is about what they will weigh. 

 I do not wish to give over two quarts of Indian meal at one 

 feeding. I would rather give two quarts of meal twice a 

 day than four quarts at once, and I give about two quarts of 

 shorts and bran to a dairy cow. If I wanted to make flesh 

 at the same time, I would not give much shorts. We differ 

 a good deal about the amount of meal that should be fed to 

 our cows. That depends almost wholly on the quality of 

 hay that goes with the meal. If it is lowland hay, and not 

 well made, if it is not sweet, you will have to put something 

 with it to make it of the desired richness and quality ; but, if 

 the hay is what it should be to make butter or milk, two 

 quarts of meal is enough, while the cows are in milk. I 

 never feed any meal except when they are in milk. 



Mr. Shepard (of Westfield). Have you had any experi- 

 ence in keeping Swiss stock ? 



