DAIRY IMPLEMENTS. 13T 



separately, often enough to determine its butter-making 

 capacity. For this purpose the cream-gauge is insufficient. 

 There is no fixed relation between the percentage of cream 

 from a certain cow's milk and the percentage of butter. 

 Cows differ as much in their cream as in their milk. The 

 weighed butter is the test. But if, by the record, you know 

 how much milk a cow gives each month, and once a month 

 ascertain how many pounds of her milk are required to make 

 a pound of butter, you have a correct guide to the value of 

 the animal. ' J 



Cheese-tests are simpler, because the ratio of the cheese- 

 product to the milk-yield differs much less with different 

 cows. 



The first cost of dairy products may be reduced in other 

 ways besides improving the cattle, and increasing the returns 

 of each cow. There is, in most cases, ample opportunity for 

 greater economy in the method and processes of manufacture 

 and in the apparatus used. 



There is more activity in providing mechanical aids for 

 the dairy than in any other branch of agriculture. The in- 

 ventions in this line are almost innumerable, and the prog- 

 ress made is very marked. Of the new dairy appliances, 

 many are of little value ; but there is so much of merit among 

 them that they deserve the careful attention of every farmer 

 alive to his own interests. It is impossible to enter upon 

 the subject of dairy implements and machinery here ; but 

 the excellent and varied exhibition in the hall below is a 

 sufficient illustration of what has already been said. For 

 this we are indebted to the enterprise and public spirit of 

 the owners and agents of the apparatus ; and they certainly 

 deserve our thanks for the interest which is added to this 

 occasion by their admirable display. No one who owns a 

 cow can afford to neglect such an opportunity for informa- 

 tion as to the new theories and practices in dairy manage- 

 ment, the handling of milk, and its conversion into butter 

 and cheese. 



The next question, in meeting competition from the North 

 and West, is in regard to transportation, — the condition in 

 which products are placed in market, butter especially, as 

 well as the cost of getting them there. 



Transportation is expensive, and increases the cost of any 



