INDORSEMENT OF GUENON. 195 



body, — that they grow downwards and upwards toward the 

 umbilicus, " the convergence of four streams ; " also that 

 hair about the ears and neck grow in different directions 

 following the arterial ramifications : — 



" Tn addition, Tisserant and others in France, who stand high as 

 authorities, admit that the escutcheon continues to increase in relative 

 surface till the second or third milking ; that is, till the development 

 of the udder, and, consequently, of the vessels supplying it, have reached 

 their highest point. . . . 



" The cavity in the skin surrounding the hair (hair follicle) is set in 

 an oblique direction, as well as the hair that emerges from it : the papilla 

 at the bottom of this cavity must also be inclined; and it is this, that, in 

 all probability, decides the direction of the hair, as the growth of this 

 takes place by additions of cells from the surface of the papilla. Now, 

 each papilla, or elevation, has a vascular loop, or, as some say, a minute 

 artery and vein ; and one can easily imagine how the direction of this 

 minute artery might influence the direction of the papillary summit, and, 

 consequently, of the hair that grows from it." 



As to the value of the escutcheon, and its determining the 

 qualities of the animal, we could quote the ablest writers 

 on dairy matters, such as Charles L. Flint, Col. George E. 

 Waring, J. D. W. French, S. Hoxie, Professor Henry Tanner 

 of Queen's College, and many others. 



The Dutch-Friesian Cattle-Breeder's Association have 

 adopted rules that no cattle can be entered in their registry, 

 unless they have the higher classes and orders of escutch- 

 eons as laid down by the Pennsylvania Commission. 



GENERAL VIEW OF THE SUBJECT. 



This science of Guenon is no new thing, nor a thing of 

 a day. It was adopted, after ample testing, by the leading 

 agricultural societies and by the government of France. 

 The ablest scientific menfhave tested and approved of it in 

 all countries ; yet it has never been popularized in this 

 country. The translation of Guenon's book by N. P. Trist 

 gave only a portion of it ; and at that time his system was 

 crude and incomplete, and it has never been altered, or 

 brought up to Guenon's revised rules and alterations, to this 

 day. It still maintains the numerous divisions and subdi- 

 visions, amounting to two hundred, into which Guenon 

 separated it with the exactness of an enthusiast, making it 

 very forbidding, and dismaying many, nearly every one, 



