154 STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTirRE. 



iiioili iu previous Te<ars, a soeond npplication lias boeii found qulle 

 profitable. Whether Bordeaux mixture should be used iu either of the 

 August applications depends largely upon the season and upon the 

 varieties. If the orchard consists largely of kinds that are injured 

 l>y apple scab, it will certainly be well to use liordeaux for at least 

 one application in August, and all varieties will be suttlcienlly benefitted 

 to make it worth while in seasons when the Aveather is cold and wet. 



The above conditions also materially affect the number of applica- 

 tions that should be given during a season. It has been demonstrated 

 that the trees should be sprayed just before the blossoms open and 

 not less than three applications should be made later in the season. 

 In addition to this, many of our best growers are convinced of the im- 

 portance of making one, if not two, of the later applications mentioned 

 above. For cherries and plums our experiments show that three ap- 

 plications can be made to advantage, one just before blossoming, and 

 two others after the fruit has set, at intervals of two weeks. In the 

 case of the early varieties of plums that are subject to the brown rot, 

 the use of one or two sprayings of sulfur-lime solution (3 lbs. sulfur 

 and 5 lbs. lime in 50 gals.) at intervals of ten days, beginning just 

 before the fruit colors, or earlier if the season is favorable to the rot, 

 will do much to hold it in check. In the case of peach trees it will he 

 well, especially in case of varieties subject to the attack of leaf cuii, 

 to spray them with copper sulfate solution (2 lbs. in 50 gals, water) 

 three or four weeks before the blossom buds open. If the work is 

 thoroughly done, this will entirely prevent the injury that often results 

 from the attack of this disease. 



When curculio have been troublesome, or the fruit injured by scab 

 and other fungous diseases, it will generally be well to spray a week 

 or ten days after the petals have fallen, but care should be taken to 

 use very weak Bordeaux mixture as otherwise the foliage will be in- 

 jured. As a rule, not more than two pounds of copper sulfate and 

 three or four pounds of lime should be used in fifty gallons, adding 

 two pounds of arsenate of lead to control the curculio. 



In the case of varieties subject to the attack of brown rot and scab, 

 the application of weak sulfur-lime solution can be made as suggested 

 for the same trouble upon the plum. 



For the control of insect diseases of the pear, the treatment required 

 has been practically the same as for the apple except that there has 

 been, as a rule, less need of the August applications and then, of course, 

 only upon the winter varieties. Some varieties of pears, such as Flemish 

 Beauty, have been almost ruined by apple scab where the trees have 

 been allowed to go unsprayed. In such cases, very careful attenlion 

 to the spraying must be given and one application must be made as 

 late as possible previous to the blossoming and two others should fol- 

 low the dropping of the petals at intervals of ten days. 



Particular attention has been paid to experimental work with grapes, 

 as for a number of years serious losses from black rot have been ex- 

 perienced in the vicinity of Lawton. It has been demonstrated that 

 this disease can be very largely controlled by spraying with Bordeaux 

 mixture. Last year in a number of instances th(» grapes from sprayed 

 vineyards Avere sold at |150 to $200 per acre while the crop from un- 

 spi'ayed vineyards growing under similar conditions Avas entirely de- 



