216 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



foundation and eave trough drains. In this particular instance the group- 

 ing of the buildings has added greatly to the ease with which the live 

 stock can be inspected by the public. Owing to the fire protection offered 

 by three hydrants, attached to six-inch mains, not more than 75 feet of 

 open space was left between the buildings at the corners of the court. 

 With less efficient water systems much wider gaps should be provided. 

 The yard can be protected from wind by high board fences joining the 

 buildings. 



The building designated as the hospital, shown in Fig. 1, was erected 

 for an experimental cattle feeding barn and later used for sick animals. 

 Its use for this purpose, in such a location, was exceedingly unfortunate, 

 being in the center of the group of buildings containing the breeding 

 stocks and in close proximity to thorofares along which animals were 

 required to pass in going to and coming from the pastures. The location 

 given this building, according to Fig. 2, places it in a remote corner, on 

 the west of the building group between the river and the railroad spur, 

 so that diseased animals, shipped in, could be unloaded directly in front 

 of the hospital door Avithout passing by or through the other yards. 

 While the hospital building adjoins the pig yards, only horses, cattle and 

 sheep are admitted to it; swine diseases are handled in the bacteriologi- 

 cal hospital. 



Yardage. — According to the original arrangement there were less than 

 a dozen yards or paddocks for the use of all classes of live stock. In the 

 new over two dozen have been provided. These are very necessary owing 

 to the large number of breeds kept. In addition to these paddocks or 

 larger yards, there are a large number of small ones adjoining the pens. 

 Of course, such a large numlber of lots, or paddocks, is not needed about 

 the ordinary farmer's group of buildings where but one breed each of 

 cattle, sheep and hogs are kept. In general, however, too few paddocks 

 are provided near the farm buildings. 



Construction of Paddock Fences. — During the past half dozen years a 

 great many of the strongest woven wire and metal fences of various sorts 

 have been used to separate the barnyard lots. We have found the best 

 and strongest of these to be very short lived when used to enclose small 

 lots containing horned cattle, particularly if there are cattle on both 

 sides of the fence, the tendency being to fight through the fence, break- 

 ing and slipping the wires. While these fences answer admirably for 

 the larger lot or pasture field, we have discarded them for the paddock. 

 The style of fence used consists of two by six-inch hemlock spiked to 

 cedar posts, placed eight feet apart. The material is spaced six inches 

 apart, and the bottom being six inches above ground, the top of the fence 

 is five feet high. The posts were tarred and notched one inch on the side 

 to receive the two by sixes. This is an expensive fence, but is durable and 

 strong; about one-half mile has been constructed for yardage. No 

 chances could be taken Avitli yard fences because of the close proximity 

 of the experiment station plots and horticultural grounds. The various 

 kinds of gates in use are being replaced by wooden structures four feet 

 high, consisting of five lx4-inch pine strips, with a 1x6 piece at the bot- 

 tom. 



Yard Paving. — When the yards were brought to the proper grade to 

 prevent water from standing anywhere, and, in fact, to cause it to run 

 off quickly, the work of paving began. In this case we use cinders secured 



