EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 251 



follows: Length fifteen inches, width nine inches, depth twelve inches; 

 the bottom is smaller to allow the inside form to be removed ; the thick- 

 ness of the walls of these basins is about four inches. A basin is being 

 placed under every other partition so that it can be used from two pens. 

 The bottom of the partition is notched out to allow the top of the basin 

 to come high enough above ground; the bottom of the basin will be im- 

 beded far enough in the ground to prevent the connections with the 

 main pipe from freezing. No valves will be used in the basins, so that 

 the whole system may be drained out frequently by connection with 

 a sewer from the down spouts. 



STALLS, MANGERS, FLOORS, ETC., 



The market offers large numbers of patented stalls, mangers and de- 

 vices for tying cows and other classes of cattle; but appliances of this 

 class cannot be taken up for description or discussion in a publication of 

 this kind. We appreciate the fact that there are strong arguments 

 favoring metal stall fittings and doing away with as much of the wood 

 used as possible, in order to secure good sanitary conditions. At the 

 same time, however, there are many people unable to purchase expensive 

 fittings who are able themselves to build those made of wood. In our 

 remodeling and refitting work we endeavored to use home made appli- 

 ances so far as possible, in order to give the farmer with limited means 

 an opportunity to pattern from them and do his own construction work 

 where such was necessary. There is no subject relating to which more 

 questions are asked of us than those relating to descriptions and di- 

 mensions of stalls for cows. In general, it should be borne in mind that 

 the width and length of any stall is largely dependent on the size of 

 the animal and the kind of manger and tie used. In giving the follow- 

 ing data we attempt, in part at least, to answer some of these questions. 



Figure 33 shows two types of stalls used in our grade beef barn. 

 We may state at the outset that for the purpose for which these were 

 built, and for the class of animals used, they have given good satisfac- 

 tion. The cross section showing stall No. 1 is taken from a row used 

 for eleven grade Shorthorn cows, with an average weight of about 1,000 

 lbs., which suckle their calves. This row of stalls, 35 feet long, is 

 built on a cement platform 8 feet C inches wide, raised above the level 

 of the alley floors 3 inches at the front end and 2 inches at the rear, 

 thus giving the stalls a slope of 1 inch toward the gutter; this fall 

 seems sufficient. It is a common error to give stalls too much fall ; 

 we have seen horse stalls given as much as 4 inches slope; so much is 

 not necessary and may be injurious to the animal. In general 2 inches 

 in 10 feet should be the maximum fall for a stall of any kind. 



It was the intention to make these stalls about 3 feet wide from 

 center to center, but they vary from 3 feet to 3 feet 7 inches, owing 

 to adjustments that had to be made because of posts standing on the 

 manger line, but this proves to be an advantage, some cows being larger 

 than others. In this case, the distance from the manger to the drop 

 is 5 feet 2 inches, and is eminently satisfactory for the size of cows 



