^ ■ ■' EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 259 



the bottom, twenty inches at the top and nine inches deep inside meas- 

 urement. The bottom of manger is 22 inches above the ground and the 

 top 2 feet 7 inches; the rack for roughage, which projects into the alley, 

 rests on the back of the manger; it is 2 feet 4 inches high, and 2 feet 

 wide at the top. The front part of the feed rack through which the 

 roughage is drawn, is 2 feet 9 inches high, and is made of I14 incli gas 

 pipe, 6 inches apart from centre to centre, embedded about 2 inches in 

 4x4's at bottom and top. The piping was secured at little cost from 

 the ruins of a building destroyed by fire; of course, it would be rather 

 too expensive to purchase new pipe for this purpose. 



For the size of animals using this equipment, the character of the 

 food fed, and the desire to avoid waste, it was eminently satisfactory. 

 Clover, ensilage and meal were the foods used. There are many very 

 decided advantages in favor of the farmer with a small bunch of cattle 

 feeding them in this way. 



WINDOWS FOR FARM BARNS. 



Sunlight is one of the most important factors in the stable manage- 

 ment of live stock, especially for young growing animals and breeding 

 stocks. A generous supply of it is needed in the cow stable for the main- 

 tenance of proper sanitary conditions and the good health of the animals. 

 Dairj barns are seldom furnished with sufficient light; in fact, in the 

 great majority of cases it is sadly lacking. At present we can recall 

 having seen but one barn, owned by a private party, provided with a 

 superabundance of light. On the other hand, thousands of barns, espe- 

 cially of the basement type, have but few small windows, located close 

 up against the ceiling, so that sunlight cannot reach but a very small 

 area within the building, and that .only near the centre. 



The grade herd barn, which has been in use two years since it was 

 remodeled, seems to be very satisfactorily lighted as regards amount and 

 location of lights. The west elevation of this building, which runs north 

 and south, is shown in Figure 38, the ground plan in Figure 29. The barn 

 is fitted to house thirty-three head of mature cattle in stalls, and also 

 twenty head of calves and young cattle, making a maximum capacity 

 of fifty-three head, in addition to liberal alley and granary space. The 

 building has 3,600 square feet of floor space and 145 square feet of win- 

 dow light surface, or 1 square foot of glass to every 24.8 square feet floor 

 surface. It is interesting to note the relationship between glass area, 

 size and shape of buildings, and amount of floor space in the various 

 college barns. The grade dairy herd barn, 45x70 feet, with 3,150 square 

 feet floor space, has 155.0 square feet glass, 1 foot to every 20.2 scjuare 

 feet floor space; though possessing more glass than the grade beef herd 

 barn, it is not so well lighted, owing to the high, narrow, double win- 

 dows with studs and casings between. The pure bred beef and dairy 

 cattle barn, a T-shaped structure, Ihe main part being 44x72 feet, and 

 the annex 40x75 feet, with a combined floor area of 0,008 square feet 

 has 373 square feet of glass, or 1 foot to every 10.2 square feet 

 of floor; T shaped stables are hard (o light; the annex of this building 



