396 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



soap aud heat until the soap is dissolved. Add one pint of kerosene 

 and agitate freely for from three 1o five 'minutes, or until it forms a 

 cream-like emulsion, from which the oil does not separate upon stand- 

 ing. This is a stock solution and can be kept for any length of time. 

 Before using, it should be diluted according to the condition of the 

 trees and kinds of insects. For scale insects it is desirable to spray 

 while the trees are dormant, after diluting this stock solution so that 

 there will be one part of kerosene to three of water, but if it is applied 

 for the same class of insects while the trees are in leaf, the amount 

 of water should be at least seven or eight times as great as of the kero- 

 sene in the stock solution. At this strength it will be fatal to all soft- 

 bodied insects and to many of the scales, while for many of the insects 

 with soft bodies it will be found sufficiently powerful if fifteen parts 

 of water are used to one of the kerosene. 



When making the emulsion with whale oil soap, the amount of the 

 soap will vary with the amount of water it contains. If in a semi-liquid 

 condition, one pint will answer for a pint of the oil, while four ounces 

 Avill be sufficient if it is in a solid form. 



In making the emulsion care should be taken to keap the kerosene 

 away from the fire, and a force jmmp should be used rather than to 

 relA' upon a spoon or paddle. 



SOLUBLE OILS. 



The various "soluble'' oils that are being sold for the control of the 

 San Jose scale have been carefully tested but, while they killed a very 

 large per cent of this insect, owing to the rapidity with which it breeds, 

 the trees will be more thickly infested at the end of the season than 

 before they were sprayed. Aside from being inett'ectual against the scale 

 at the strengtlis recommended, these remedies are quite expensive and 

 have no fungicidal value. By using them three or four times as strong 

 as recommended by the manufacturers their efficiency will be increased, 

 but this will make their cost several times that of lime aud sul])hur 

 and, unless very carefully used, injury may be done to the trees. 



PARIS GREEX. 



Paris Green 1 pound 



Water 100 to 200 gallons 



For the destruction of insects that eat the foliage or fruit. Paris 

 green is a valuable remedy. It can be used in water in tlie above 

 ]»roi)ortions, the stronger mixture being used for potatoes, while for 

 fruits it is seldom advisable to. use more than 1 i>ound in 200 gallons 

 of water, unless in connection with lime water or Bordeaux mixture. 

 It is always advisable to first form a paste with a small amount oC 

 water when preparing it for spraying. For low ])lants Paris green 

 may be used in a ]>owd<'r form either alone or with one hundred times its 

 weight of jdaster. London purnle is sometimes used in place of Paris 

 green, but it is more apt to injure^ lite foliage. fJreen arsenoid and 

 arsenate of lead are valuable sultsliiutes for J'aris green. 



AI!Si:\A'l'i; Ol' I.KAI>. 



Arsenate of lead 1 to 5 pounds 



Water 50 gallons 



