398 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



the boiling has been completed. By continuing the boiling for fifty to 

 sixty minutes the liquid will have changed to a reddish amber color, 

 when it will be ready for use. In order to have all the sulphur dis- 

 solved, boiling for one hour will be safer than for a shorter period. Cold 

 Avater can be used for diluting if it is not convenient to use warm 

 water. While the mixture need not be boiling hot, it should be at least 

 warm enough to prevent the crystalizing of the sulphur. 



If a large quantity is required, steam can be used for boiling the 

 mixture. This can be done either in barrels or in a tank holding 100 

 to 150 gallons. 



The best results will be obtained when the spraying is done in the 

 spring just before the buds open. Fairly good results can be secured 

 in the fall, but winter applications will be found less effectual. 



In addition to being the best remedy for the San Jose scale and 

 other insects, the sulphur and lime solution is an excellent fungicide. 

 When this has been used there will be no occasion for spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture previous to the setting of the fruit. It will also de- 

 stroy the eggs of any insects upon the trees as well as any that are 

 present in the other stages of development. 



Although rather less effectual than the home-made mixtures some of 

 the sulphur-lime solutions on the market are giving fairly good results. 



HELLEBORE. 



Fresh White Hellebore 1 ounce 



Water 5 gallons 



For insects that chew, and especialh" for the currant and cabbage 

 worms. 



PYRETHRUM OP BUHACH. 



Pure Fresh Pyrethrum 1 ounce 



Water 5 gallons 



Valuable against both chewing and sucking insects, especially upon 

 maturing fruits or vegetables, and upon flowering plants. It can also 

 be applied in a powder form with a bellows. 



CAUTIONS. 



The copper solution should be made in wood, glass or earthen vessels, 

 and should not be prepared in iron or tin. 



Care should be taken against spraying plants of any kind with lime 

 or poisonous mixtures within four or five weeks of the time they are 

 to be used as food. 



Study carefully the nature of the insect or disease and select the 

 remedy that is most likely to destroy it without injuring the plants. 



Do not sj)ray while the trees are in blossom, as the bees will be de- 

 stroyed; they are necessary to fertilize the flowers. 



Pumps for the application of insecticides and fungicides should be 

 sufficiently powerful to cover the trees or plants with a fine mist, and 

 where co])per comi)ouuds are to be used,' the working parts should be 

 of brass, and if all portions that are to come in contact with the spray- 

 ing mixture are of brass, the durability of the pump will be greatly in- 

 creased, except when the sulphur, lime' and salt wash is used. For' this 

 an iron pump is better. It should have metal valves and should be 

 rinsed out each day when through syraying. 



