No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 3» 



All the pictures you will see of animals to-uiyiit represent cattle or 

 stock on the college farm. We have here an Ayrshire cow which 

 is a very good specimen. Here is a Guernsey of the college herd. We 

 are attempting to build up four herds of the leading dairy breeds. 

 We have here the Jerseys. I am sorry to say that we haven't any- 

 thing to show to-night of the Holstein. Here are some of the Jersey 

 cattle on pasture near the Experiment Station. A large part of the 

 college farm is used for pasture purposes. Here are some Jersey 

 calves. Here's the Ayrshire bull which heads the herd. Now in 

 our cow testing association work, which is growing and is growing in 

 importance, this is one of the cattle, one of the cows, which was 

 found — a very poor animal, as you will see, and the next picture will 

 show you a profitable animal. There is no question about the fact 

 that there are hundreds and hundreds of cows in Pennsylvania farms 

 that are simply boarders, not paying any profit at all. 



I want to show you a few views of the horticultural department. 

 Here is some intensive work in gardening and overhead lines of irri- 

 gation. There is something that I think every farmer and villager 

 who has access to water at a pressure of 15 pounds or more should 

 provide at least for the home garden. It certainly makes production 

 much more certain in commercial gardens and adds to the profits of 

 the business. This shows a lot of seedlings of cabbage, showing how 

 much stronger some varieties are in germination than others. Mr. 

 Myers, of the Department of Horticulture, has been making a study 

 of strains of cabbage for a good many years. When I grew cabbage 

 some years ago, I thought the only thing to do was to buy seed of a 

 certain seedsman because I considered him reliable and thought 

 he had the best seed. I want to acknowledge that to-night, because 

 I used seed from a certain house. The probabilities are that I lost 

 |50. or |100. an acre some years because that was not the best grade 

 of cabbage. This is a row of cabbage from seed gotten from one 

 of the best seedsmen, which is decidedly leafy. This is very much 

 smaller, while that will not approach this variety or strain in ability 

 to make money. This shows a view of the entire field, or part of it, 

 in the cabbage work. Now the next picture shows the great differ- 

 ence in maturity; that row of cabbage remains while this row has 

 been cut out. That row was cut out and sent to market and brought 

 high prices, while by the time this row was ready, the prices were 

 down. Some of these strains have been making a hundred dollars 

 more to the acre than another of the same variety, and if you can 

 buy or produce seeds that will make |100. or even $25. more to the 

 acre than an inferior strain, it is certainly well worth taking into 

 account. That shows a plant grown from seed bought from one of 

 the most reliable seedsmen in the country, a leafy type with a very 

 shall head. Note the difference; there we have a conical had; it is 

 hard, goes to market at a high price and pleases the consumer. Both 

 are Jersey Wakefields. These strains of cabbages, tomatoes and 

 other vegetables vary tremendously in their earnings and their yield- 

 ing power. It is all Jersey Wakefield cabbage, but a different line 

 of each variety. The black line represents the first type. 



Note here that this variety or that strain cut only two-tenths 

 of a ton the first time they made the cutting, while down here this 

 line cuts four and a half tons at the first cutting. Suppose we are 

 getting |50. or |60. for cabbage the first cutting — see what a tremen- 



