No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 333 



ably aiul used all the year through iu the stock judging work. It 

 shows an interior view of the pavilion, with chairs all around and 

 seating capacity for 800 people. We have here a group of cattle 

 use<l in the feeding ex])erinient. We have found that the most 

 economical ration is silage, and 2 J i)Ounds of cotton seed meal per 

 1,000 pounds of livestock. That is better than where the cattle are 

 given corn fodder and hay for the range. Silage must enter into 

 the ration if you want to feed beef cattle economically and get 

 the best results. Of course, we use ditXerent combinations, but 

 we have one lot every year which receives no other roughage but 

 corn silage and 2^ pounds of cotton seed meal per 1,000 pounds 

 of live weight. Our herd of pure bred breeding cattle is treated in 

 the same way and we are not able, at this time, to see any in- 

 jurious etl'ects from that kind of roughage, only I think most 

 farmers would prefer mixing in a little clover or alfalfa or some 

 other dry roughage, but the results have been very satisfactory at 

 State College. 



This shows a low constructed shed for sheep, very inexpensive, 

 yet one Avhich works out very nicely, built on the south side of 

 one of our barns. This shows one of our Berkshires on a blue 

 grass pasture. We are also making some experiments on the Spring 

 Creek Farm, and here the hogs are having a real good time pasturing 

 on oats and Canada tleld peas. Now, this looks like a sort of a 

 hoggish trick, to turn the hogs into the corn, but they make a 

 good job in harvesting it, they don't waste very much, and another 

 curious thing is that these hogs made gains a little faster than 

 the hogs where they were fed corn carried to them every day. That 

 plan, of course, is moi'e popular in the West, I presume, than it 

 ever will be in Pennsylvania. This' shows some of our sheep pens 

 used for hogs down on the lower farm; they are a sort of port- 

 able pen. Here is a herd of some of our steers on Spring Creek 

 Farm; pure bred steers. I want you to note there the character 

 of land, the rough, rolling land. A great deal of this land should 

 not be farmed, though it is not as steep as much of the land which 

 is in tillage in Pennsylvnnia. We are doing everything we can to 

 encourage the livestock industry. We believe that too much land 

 in Pennsylvania is farmed too intensively, that there are thousands 

 of acres on the steep hillsides that should be put into grass and 

 grazed rather than plowed and farmed in an intensive way. 



A Member: Do you ever fertilize that hill land? 



PROF. WATTS: We are making some experiments and it re- 

 sponds quickly to the application of commercial fertilizers or manure. 

 We have a field, which, when we bought it three years ago, was 

 very weedy. The weeds have disappeared and it is getting better 

 all the time, but probably it would pay better to fertilize that 

 land with fertilizers or manure and then put cattle in it. I want 

 you to note these cattle which have come down into this stream on 

 a hot summer day; it is a pure stream that comes from the moun- 

 tains and it is one of the best things we have at State Collejje, 

 this pure stream of water for our livestock. That shows a lot 

 of steers which were being prepared for the Internationnl Show. 

 We have one of the younger animals, a very good animal here. 

 This shows our herd of pure Angus. Here yon get a better idea of 



