334 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



the character of the land. This over here is very steep. That is 

 taken down on the lower part of the farm about three miles away 

 from the college building. They make a beautiful appearance, these 

 black cattle on the pasture. Every one of these cows that you 

 see here had been wintered for several years on corn silage only 

 as their roughage and came out of the barn in the spring fat and 

 round as rolls of butter. Here we have a bull that heads the 

 short horn herd. I want to show you now a couple of pictures 

 of a couple of Herford steers, very nice animals. This is another 

 specimen. We buy a carload of horses almost every winter and 

 conduct a fattening experiment, a feeding experiment on different 

 methods of feeding horses and preparing them for market. This 

 shows some of these animals; they are all western animals and we 

 get some very good ones among them. 



A Member: Are the farmers that visit the college grounds al- 

 lowed to feed cattle? 



PEOF. WATTS: They are permitted to see the cattle out on 

 the pasture, but we are not allowing them to enter the dairy barn. 

 T don't know just when we will take the quarantine off, but we 

 have so many cattle there and we have kept the record for so 

 many years that we feel we would be taking chances to take the 

 quarantine off the dairy barn. They just had a new outbreak of 

 foot-and-mouth disease in Philadelphia recently and we think we 

 are justified in keeping the quarantine on the new dairy barn. 



A Member: In which way can you make the most economical 

 gains on your feeding of stock in winter, in open sheds or barns? 



PEOF. WATTS: According to our experiments at State College, 

 the use of corn silage only as roughage and then of course as 

 the time approaches to put them on the market, the use of cotton 

 seed meal, if we don't use cotton seed meal, they will have more 

 or less bowel trouble, and this seems to be necessary to maintain 

 the good health of the animals. 



A Member: My question was, can you make the greatest gain 

 in open sheds fresh air or when they are confined in a barn. 



PEOF. WATTS: I did not catch your question. 4II of these 

 animals are kept in open sheds, we do not believe in confining any 

 of the big beef cattle to closed houses and I doubt whether it is 

 best to keep the dairy cattle in. Our new barn is so well venti- 

 lated with windows that it is practically outdoors. I believe ex- 

 periments have been made which show that even the dairy cattle 

 will do as well in open sheds as in the closed stable, but that is 

 a little out of my line. 



I want to show you just two pictures showing the type of work 

 done by the Department of Botany. Here v/e have the brown rot 

 on the peach and the next tree shows the mumified fruit under the 

 tree. That will be controlled by proper spraying. Now we want 

 to show you a few pictures of the Agronomy Department, then we 

 will be through. You have all heard of the fertilizer plots of 



