426 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



Altho the Codling Moth has been controlled by spraying with 

 lime sulphur solution alone just after the blossoms fall, repeating 

 this in two weeks, and again in two weeks after that, without the 

 use of arsenate of lead, the formula that we recommend as best for 

 this pest consists of one gallon and one quart of concentrated lime- 

 sulphur solution, homemade or commercial, and one or two pounds 

 of dry arsenate of lead, in forty-nine gallons of water. 



The much-dreaded root maggots of cabbage, turnip, radish, onion 

 etc., have been controlled by spraying with a coarse spray, or by 

 sprinkling with drops, of sweetened poison solution of the foliage 

 of plants before the female flies lay their eggs, so that these adult 

 pests are killed in the process of feeding. 



The prevention of borers in fruit trees by the use of lime-sulphur 

 solution containing sediment, making about three applications per 

 summer, as a wash or coarse spray, has been further demonstrated. 

 One quarter ounce of arsenate of lead can be added to this with' 

 safety, but is not essential. 



The Corn-ear Worm was unusually bad last year, but can be con- 

 trolled by dusting with one part of dry arsenate of lead in six parts 

 of sulphur, making about three applications at intervals of two or 

 three days each, commencing when the silk first commences to show 

 on the young ears of corn. 



(c) Insects Newly Introduced or Not Yet Widely Spread in 



Pennsylvania 



We have a report from the southern part of Clearfield county of 

 a remarkable outbreak of the insect known as the Walking-stick 

 (Diaphomera femorata). They defoliated vegetation of nearly all 

 kinds, including fruit trees and forest trees, over an area of some 

 acres. The dropping of their eggs on the leaves under the trees 

 sounded like the falling of rain. These pests can be killed by arsenical 

 spraying, or their eggs can be destroyed by burning them on the 

 ground among the fallen leaves, where they remain exposed during 

 the winter. 



A newly introduced pest in Pennsylvania is the European Hornet 

 (Vespa catro), which did considerable damage to the peach twigs 

 of Mr. J. A. Faust, of Mowersville, Franklin county. Pa. These 

 worked by eating away the bark and cambium of the twig, as shown 

 by specimen herewith submitted. This is the first report of the 

 European Hornet in Pennsylvania, altho it is known as introduced 

 and very destructive in the State of New York. It is possible that 

 during its feeding period it can be destroyed by spraying with one- 

 half ounce of arensate of lead in each gallon of water, applying this 

 to the twigs on which it feeds. Sweetened poisoned liquid is also 

 recommended. Its marks are conspicuous and characteristic. It 

 makes a paper nest, as does our American hornet, but is more liable 

 to nest in holes in trees, in the ground, or in stone heaps. Where 

 there are evidences of its presence, as shown by injured twigs, its 

 nest should be sought and destroyed. 



The Apple Seed Chalcis has continued to be destructive in the 

 northern part of Pennsylvania. We have worked out its life history, 

 and know that this insect inserts an egg by means of its long ovi- 

 positor when the fruit is about the size of a robin's egg, reaching 



