480 Annual report of the off. Doc. 



the Bureau of Statistics of our Department, there are the follow- 

 ing number of heads of livestock within the borders of our State. 



Dairy cows, 952,000 



Horses, 596,000 



Mules, 46,000 



Other cattle, 644,000 



Sheep, 806,000 



Hogs, 1,186,000 



Making a total of, 1,230,000 



From what statistics can be secured, at least 600,000 tons of feed- 

 ing stuffs are sold annually in the State, the greater portion of which 

 is imported from other states ; having a total valuation at a low aver- 

 age price of $25. per ton, or fifteen million dollars. The amount of 

 feed required to feed such a large number of livestock for one year 

 would total at least, on a conservative estimate, 6 million tons.^ 

 While Pennsylvania is a large agricultural state and produces great 

 quantities of feed within its borders, it does not produce enough to 

 meet this enormous need, which is one explanation of why such great 

 quantities of feeds are imported from other states for home consump- 

 tion. As the cities increase in size and the country developes along 

 this line, the area of land devoted to producing food usually de- 

 creases which, in a large measure, has made the demand for mixed 

 feeds so great. 



Fifteen years ago when the feeding stuffs industry first commenced, 

 this condition did not exist and many valuable by-products were 

 thrown away as useless, but as the demand for feeds of all sorts has 

 increased, every possible by-product that could be used for feed has 

 been conserved and utilized, sometimes as straight feeds and in many 

 cases as ingredients in the many brands of mixed feeds. From the 

 reports made to this body from year to year, you have become familiar 

 with most of the feeds or by-products now being used, but from time 

 to time, new products are being utilized and during the past year 

 the feeding value of three by-products has been discovered and these 

 are now being used, namely, yeast and vinegar, dried grains, ivory nut 

 meal and cocoa shell meal. 



The yeast and vinegar dried grains were, before the recent embargo 

 on exportation, being sold largely abroad but during the first part 

 of the year our Department discovered that this product was being 

 sold in the State as straight di^illers' dried grains at about |7 less 

 per ton than the usual price for distillers' dried grains. After an in- 

 vestigation by our chemists and agents, and a visit to the plants 

 where this material is being produced, it was discovered that instead 

 of being distillers' dried grains it was the residue of the dried grains 

 left from the manufacture of yeast and vinegar. As a result of this 

 work, this product is now being sold in the State as yeast dried grains 

 properly guaranteed for protein, fat and fiber. This material is a 

 valuable by-product feed although it does not contain quite as much 

 value of distillers' grains from corn but contains a little more than 

 the distillers' grains from rye. 



