34 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



exposed knoll, where the snow blew off from the roots, were winter-killed. 

 These trees leaved out, blossomed, and set their fruit as full as any trees in the 

 orchard, but soon after the fruit had set the trees began to fail, and soon died. 

 Upon examination it was found that the trees were dead at the root, while 

 alive at the top. A microscopic examination of the wood of the root and 

 the trunk showed that the tissues of the root were burst and the sap was lying 

 around loose, while the tissues of the trunk were whole and filled with hard- 

 ened sap. 



The theory the committee adopted with regard to these trees, and others 

 noticed by them in other orchards, that had died under similar circumstances, 

 was, that the wood of the trees above ground was well ripened and in good 

 condition to withstand the severe cold, while the warmth of the earth had 

 kept the sap in the roots in a liquid state until the sudden and intense cold 

 caused it to burst the tissues, thus killing the roots. As the spring opened 

 the sap stored up in the upper part of the trees began to circulate, doing what 

 it could to produce a vigorous growth by opening the leaf and blossom buds 

 and showing fruit, but the supply of nutriment being cut off by the bursting 

 of the woody tissues of the root, death to the whole tree was the ultimate con- 

 sequence. 



On Saturday morning, August 2d, Mr. I. S. Linderman took us to examine 

 yarious peach orchards, among them was one of his own that he had recently 

 purchased and had not examined sufficiently to know the varieties of trees that 

 it contained and their condition. Upon a slight examination of this orchard 

 we found one tree that was showing strong indications of an attack of the 

 Yellows. Mr. Linderman would give this orchard an immediate and thorough 

 examination and destroy every tree that showed any appearance of having 

 been attacked by the Yellows. We then drove to Mr. Griffin's orchard that 

 extended quite to the lake. A large number of trees in this orchard that were 

 exposed to the wind from the lake were winter killed. The part of his orchard 

 that was protected on the south by a dense forest was uninjured. The grapes 

 in Mr. Griffin's vineyard were in fine condition. 



Adjoining this orchard on the north is the orchard of Mr. Penniman. It is 

 protected on the west and north by a belt of hemlock trees that have been 

 preserved between it and the lake. This belt of timber seems to have preserved 

 this orchard from the sad effects of the cold and the winds that had so greatly 

 damaged M*-. Griffin's orchard. Mr. Penniman's peach trees were growing 

 thriftily, and all looked healthy with the exception of two trees. One of these 

 was a " Hale's Early," that had ripened its fruit prematurely. The fruit had 

 been gathered with the exception of a few specimens that still remained on the 

 tree. These specimens were not more than half grown, were nearly covered 

 with dark puri)le spots, that affected not only the skin, but the flesh also. The 

 taste was insipid and quite unlike a healthy specimen of '•' Hale's Early." This 

 appearance of the fruit was caused by the Yellows. One other tree, not in 

 fruit, showed unmistakable signs of disease. Mr. Penniman assured us that 

 within twelve hours from that time these two trees would be taken up and 

 destroyed. If all who find indications of the Yellows in their orchards would 

 act with the same decision, promptitude and energy, a step in the right direc- 

 tion would be taken and a great point gained. 



From this orchard Mr. Linderman took us to his own home, where we saw 

 a beautiful, thrifty peach orchard, with but little or no fruit. It has been the 

 custom of Mr. Linderman, in common with many others, to hill up his trees 



