THE CODLING MOTH. 81 



secure place in which to go through their transformation. When the}' have 

 found one they spin for themselves a cocoon, as it is called, and change to a 

 chrysalis, and in about two weeks — the time being longer or shorter, according 

 to the season — they come out full-grown millers, and are ready to lay a new 

 crop of eggs. The time required to etft'ct the change from the worm to the 

 mature insect, though put down by some writers at from 14 to 16 days, I Snd 

 greatly to vary. During the very warm weather I found that some had made 

 the change, and had escaped in less than the time named, while later in the 

 Beason the transformation was effected more slowly ; indeed, many of the 

 worms of the last brood do not go through their change until spring. I found 

 abundance of these worms not yet changed into chrysalids just before the 

 winter set in, while assorting my apples preparatory to putting them in the 

 cellar. 



THE VARIOUS METHODS EEPLOYED FOR THEIR EXTERMINATION". 



It is in the habit or instinct of these worms to seek a secure place in which 

 to 'go through the transformation above noted, that we find the only available 

 means for their destruction, and all the methods that have been devised that 

 have been at all successful, have had in view the entrapping of the worms. 



If the principle is correct, — which few., if any, will deny, — it only remains 

 to choose the form or kind of trap that shall prove to be the most economical 

 of cost and effective in operation. The straw and hay bands have been used 

 to some extent, and found to be an advantage no doubt, though a rather prim- 

 itive device. Later, the cloth bands have been found a more efficient aid, and 

 some, perhaps, are so well pleased as not to desire to look further. There is 

 also a patented device now on trial by orchardists, gotten up by D. B, Wier, of 

 Illinois, and it is claimed to be quite effective, though it is questionable if it is 

 as valuable as its friends claim, or if it is as cheap or available as other devices 

 that exacts no royalty for the privilege of their use. 



These traps of Mr. Wier's consist of two or more pieces of shingle or thin 

 boards, fastened together at the middle, and also to the tree by a nail or screw. 

 They are fastened to the body of the tree, one or more to each, and also to the 

 limbs when large. 



You have, many of you, noticed that my apple trees — many of them — the 

 past season have been enclosed by some sort of band, and have wondered what 

 could be the possible use, and some of you have asked me the purpose of them. 

 In order that you may form some idea of how effective these traps may be, I 

 present those for your inspection that I have used, showing the marks of the 

 worms and the manner of their housing up, so to speak, and you may form 

 some idea of the number of these worms that may be destroyed in this way 

 when I tell you that these bands yielded a crop every two weeks or so, after 

 about the 10th of July, until cold weather, and that is was no uncommon 

 thing after the second brood came out to kill 25 to 50 at one time to a tree, 

 and often more. 



You recognize these bands, no doubt, as the rims to the berry box that I 

 have manufactured and used in my small-fruit business for many years. 



It seemed to me only last winter, in discussing this suljject of the codling 

 moth, and the best means for its destruction, that I had in these rims a better 

 and cheaper thing for the purpose than had been heretofore devised; and the 

 wonder is not so much that it did not occur to me before, as that in the 

 manufactory of great quantities of veneer, to supply the demand for cheap 



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