406 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



THE WINTER PROTECTION OF RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES. 



Mr. P. C. Reynolds, of Rocliester, said that his winter protection of black- 

 berries consisted in abstaining from summer and autumn cultivation. Had 

 found, as long as he gave them mellow culture through the season, the canes 

 did not mature, and they would winter-kill, but when he ceased, after cleaning 

 them out once in the spring, they seldom froze in winter. Blackberries in grass 

 are no more liable to winter-kill than wild ones. Gives black raspberries no 

 winter protection, but the tenderer red varieties he covers with a shoveful of 

 earth on the tips of the canes. 



Mr. Jones, of Rochester, would never cultivate blackberries except in spring. 

 Had two plantations of Kittatinnies; cultivated one by accident all summer, 

 and they all winter-killed ; the other was only cultivated in the spring, and 

 went through the winter uninjured. 



MOST PROFITABLE VARIETIES OF APPLES. 



Mr. Babcock, of Lockport, considered Baldwin, Rhode Island Greening, and 

 Roxbury Russet most profitable of all varieties. The Twenty-Ounce and some 

 summer varieties may pay well in certain localities — but for winter nothing 

 equal to three first named. 



Dr. Beadle, of Ontario, said a friend thinks the Golden Russet more profit- 

 able, year after year, than the Roxbury. 



Mr. Hoag, of Lockport, said that the Mann apple was profitable in Niagara 

 county. Resembles the Rhode Island Greening, very fine, and as long a keeper 

 as Roxbury Russet. 



Mr. Lyon said that they thought much of the Northern Spy in Michigan. 

 As it originated in "Western New York would like to hear how it does here. 



Mr. Babcock — Does well on some soils, when well cultivated, but is late 

 coming into bearing. 



Mr. Lyon, in answer to inquiry, thought highly of Wagener as an amateur 

 fruit ; some value it for market. Does well for a few years, when overbearing 

 affects the tree and they cease to be profitable. 



Mr. Beadle spoke of Duchess of Oldenburgh as a hardy, productive tree, and 

 fine showy fruit, well adapted to high latitudes, but should be planted with 

 caution for market, as it ripens at the wrong time, in September. 



Mr. Cone, of Ontario county, thought highly of Rambo. Comes early into 

 bearing, productive, and in great demand for Pennsylvania market. Do not 

 grow large, but if he were planting 1,000 trees, 100 should be Rambo. 

 Mr. Harrison, of Ohio — Rambo inferior in size, and inclined to scab. 

 Dr. Beadle — Before leaving the apple, would inquire if the apple can be 

 grown successfully for market, on a light soil ? 



Mr. R. M. Barrus thought that there were varieties of apples suited to the 

 different soils — light and heavy. This fact should be borne in mind byallwha 

 thought of setting out orchards. 



Mr. Jones in riding through sandy regions noticed very fine Spys, even on 

 drifting sands. 



Mr. W. C. Barry — It is generally supposed that apples do well on light soils. 

 King of Tompkins county was referred to, some thinking it a very fine apple — 

 others that it was too uncertain a bearer — that it rotted too soon, and that it 

 drops very bad before ripe. 



A gentleman remarked that Mr. Yeomans has Kings grafted npon Spys that 

 bear good crops of good keeping apples. 



