•444 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



motion. It then works its way partly out of the cocoon by these spines [illus- 

 trating] and gives forth the moth. 



At first the wings are damp. You can see them expand, or grow. They 

 ;are little pads Avhen they first come out of the chrysalis, but in the course of 

 ten minutes they are fully expanded. 



This moth is inconspicuous because it is entirely nocturnal in its habits. It 

 is brown, — has two large spots near the tips of the wings, of brown, and of 

 metallic luster, and is very pretty. 



In this manner the transformations of this little moth are gone throuffh. — 

 those transformations which, from time immemorial, have been looked upon 

 as emblematic of man's immortality, — the groveling worm representing our 

 earthly condition. There are two broods each year. This was long suspected 

 by us in the West, but eastern authors had not regarded it so, and I had the 

 honor of demonstrating it. The larva of the first brood frequently co-exist 

 with those of the second, — thus the later individuals of the first brood will be 

 frequently found in the same apples as the earlier individuals of the second. 



Now, let us make a few practical suggestions: First, I will refer to the 

 ■direct killing of the insect. We can take advantage of the larva habit. You 

 are all, as members of this Society, conversant with the different kinds of 

 bandages that have been employed for this purpose. The main point I wish 

 ■to convey is, that whatever bandage is placed around the tree, it should be 

 placed on the tree by the first of June, in this latitude; or it may be delayed a 

 little in the more northern parts of the State with impunity ; but it is safe to 

 have them on by that time. They should be examined six or seven weeks 

 after the blossoms fall from tlie tree. Dr. LeBaron gives seven weeks for the 

 northern part of the State, after the blossoms have fallen ; and, for the lati- 

 tude of St. Louis, I would say six weeks. They should then be examined four 

 times, at intervals of ten days, and once after the apples are all taken ofl" the 

 tree. 



Now, with regard to the best bandage: as Mr. Wier is present it will be best 

 for me to read what I have said about the best kind of bandage in my last 

 report : 



'•wier's apple-worm trap. 



"Fully resolved to test this trap thoroughly, in comparison with other 

 methods of allurement, I commenced (having, of course, purchased the right 

 to use ! ) as early as the first of May to prepare a number of trees as follows : 

 1st. With Wiers trap screwed on in different positions, — some trees having 

 single traps, either on the north, south, east, or west sides, and placed at dif- 

 ferent heights from the ground, and some having as many as three traps; 2d. 

 Strips of old sacks, four inches wide, and lined on one side with pieces of lath 

 tacked on transversely, and at such distance from each other that, when 

 brought around the tree, they formed an almost complete wooden ring; 3d. 

 Bandages of various kinds of rag; 4th. Hay ropes; 5th. Paper bandages, 

 made of the cheapest kind of straw paper, folded several times, and in widths 

 varying from three to six inches. In order to insure the utmost accuracy, 

 these several traps were regularly examined every twelve days throughout the 

 season, and a careful account kept of the worms or chrysalides found under 

 each ; and where it was a question as to the comparative merits of the differ- 

 ent traps, they were placed on trees of the same variety. The results of these 

 experiments, — not to waste space with the detailed array of figures, — may be 

 thus summed up : 



