32 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



see the pink the least bit, take your paraphernalia and go into the orchard 

 and get to work. 



Mr. Simmons: I have discarded the stone lime entirely; I don't slake 

 any more lime myself at all, only for the lime and sulphur spraying. I 

 think the results are just as good with the hydrate of lime, and it is so much 

 more convenient. 



Prof. Hedrick: I think there would not be any difference between the 

 two kinds of lime. If you can't get a good grade of lime, then I suspect 

 the hydrate of lime is to be preferred; but when you can get a good stone 

 lime, one that slakes without leaving any sediment, it is cheaper and fully 

 as effective as the other. 



Mr. Halstead: You would recommend the August spraying for the codling 

 moth? 



Prof. Hedrick: That is getting out of the discussion; and yet, had I 

 a good crop in either Michigan or New York or any other of the states in 

 this region, I should surely spray as a matter of insurance in August. I 

 believe that the second brood of codling moths come at least once in three 

 years, if not oftener. I would put in the copper sulphate, because there 

 are some fruit blotches and fungi that come on late •, and I would spray 

 with a weak Bordeaux mixture and some arsenite in August, had I a good 

 crop of fruit; especially if the season were early. If the season were a very 

 late one, I might change the procedure by not having a second brood of 

 codling moth. Last year in New York the second brood did far more damage 

 to apples than the first brood. So that man who did not spray in August 

 lost great quantities of fruit. You can't be arbitrary about this matter of 

 spraying. A man has got to know why he sprays and how the different 

 cells act, and know something about the life history of the fungi and insects 

 he is attempting to kill, and then use his judgment. 



Mr. Greening: Would you recommend a difference in strength of the 

 Bordeaux mixture for different varieties? 



Prof. Hedrick: There are some sorts, such as the Ben Davis ar Hub- 

 bardson, and all the Russian kinds, as Wealthy and Duchess and Alexander 

 that are not badly attacked with scab, and I think I never would spra}' Duchess 

 for scab; I don't believe the fungi ever do enough damage; and so with the 

 Wealthy: I doubt whether it is worth while to use the Bordeaux mixture 

 on the Wealthy for scabs. We do make a big difference on the different 

 varieties. I have in my bulletin a whole list of them we tried experiments 

 on, something like sixty kinds, but I cannot give you offhand a list of these 

 varieties that you need and need not spray for scab. There are some sorts 

 that are not injured by the Bordeavix mixture, while others are badly injured, 

 so that the variety makes considerable difference, i^es, that is another 

 thing that the successful fruit grower must take into account. 



Charles Wilde: Have you ever carried on any experiments when you used 

 an arsenite with Bordeaux mixture, whether you used lead, Paris green, 

 or lime in this combination? I used all three with the Bordeaux mixture. 

 Without the Bordeaux mixture, there is no question but arsenate of lead 

 is the best ; but when you use it with the Bordeaux mixture I have not been 

 able to find any difference, if I only put enough in; it seems to do the business. 

 Have you had any experience on that line? 



Prof. Hedrick: We had no definite experiments on our station ground 

 with these different arsenites; but in our cooperative experiments over the 

 state I suppose we used all of the different arsenites. I can't give you the 

 details now, but so far as the injury is concerned to the fruit there is absolutely 



