THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT. 33 



no difference, whether you use the arsenate of lead, the Paris green, or arsenite 

 of soda, or wliichever one, no difference at all. We think the results are 

 better with the arsenate of lead, because of its better sticking qualities, and 

 because it spreads out better. 



Mr. Post: I think the Professor recommended three sprayings. With 

 the conditions as they were this year, wouldn't it be better to defer that 

 spraying until late? People don't usually spray four times. 



Prof. Hedrick: If you are sure of doing a very good job the second time, 

 and you are only going to spray three times, I would prefer to use the third 

 application late in the season; I would prefer to do that in the average year. 

 But suppose you have a wet season, long continued rain; then I am afraid 

 you would find it to your advantage to use the third spraying early in the 

 season. 



Q. I would Hke to ask Mr. Hedrick if he has noticed that the Bordeaux 

 mixture delayed the season of ripening? Of course we don't expect very 

 much fruit-^nobody does — without the Bordeaux mixture; and it might 

 be hard to tell by leaving trees unsprayed— there might not be any fruit 

 at the end of the year to tell whether they were ripening ahead or behind; 

 but I notice where the leaves of the trees were continually kept white during 

 the summer that the apple was late in ripening. 



Prof. Hedrick: We didn't notice that, and we had a good many different 

 plats, trees side by side, sprayed and unsprayed. I am glad to have my 

 attention called to that, and I should like to notice it in the future; but I 

 don't remember in any of our experiments having seen anything to lead me 

 to think spraying would delay the ripening. 



Q. I would like to ask if you don't recommend the first spraying to be 

 applied to the apple trees before the blossoms are quite all dropped? In 

 my experience, the growers who had the largest crop .and the least scab 

 were those who sprayed their apples before the blossoms had all dropped; 

 and those who had waited three to four days after the blossoms dropped 

 had a large dropping of fruit and more or less scabby apples. My orchard 

 was sprayed with lime and sulphur, and not sprayed again until just as the 

 blossoms were dropping; when two-thirds of the blossoms had dropped, 

 I went out into the orchard and picked a few stems to see whether they 

 were setting good or not; I submitted them to microscopic examination 

 and found the scab fungus just starting. I immediately began spraying with 

 Bordeaux mixture. The consequence was I held the fruit all on the tree. 

 Some of my neighbors who did not spray until the blossoms had all dropped, 

 lost two-thirds, and some cases nine-tenths of their apples. 



Prof. Hedrick: It is against the law to spray while trees are in blossom. 



Q. Not without you spray with Paris green. 



Prof. Hedrick: Oh, well, a man would not want to spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture and not Paris green. That is the very time you put Paris green 

 in to catch the codling moth. You want to get the poison in the little calyx 

 cups. You need to spray just as soon as you possibly can after the blossoms 

 drop, especially if it is a late season. 



Q. If the season is late, the scab grows fast. In late seasons we must 

 spray earlier than in ordinary years. 



Prof. Hedrick: In orchards w^here there are several varieties it is often 

 necessary to spray some of them while they are in blossom and violate the 

 law to that extent. But I should never advise any one to spray while the 

 trees are in full blossom, and never advise any one to spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture alone. 



