108 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



June, when the peaches were about the size of your thumb. Never saw 

 any black spots while I was there. Other people had it all over the country 

 in their orchards, and different varieties would get blotched by it where 

 they didn't spray. I can only lay it to the spraying of the Bordeaux mixture. 



Q. Did some of the leaves drop? 



Mr. Farrand: Occasionally. It would depend somewhat on the weather 

 conditions. It is like the Bordeaux injury; if it was dry and warm, not 

 much rain, you would get no bad effects on the foliage; but sometimes, if 

 it would rain right away, and we had just the right kind of moisture con- 

 ditions, we seemed to get a burning of the foliage a little; sometimes it would 

 burn holes right in the foliage. But we never got an injury sufficient, in 

 my estimation, but what the other counteracted it and was better. If self 

 cooked lime and sulphur will do the business, he says it won't hurt the foliage; 

 and if it will do the business, that is the thing to use. 



Q. I would like to know what is the cause of the bitter rot on the Baldwin 

 apple? 



Mr. Farrand: It is not the regular bitter rot that we hear and read of 

 in the southwestern states. It is a black leathery brown spot under the skin. 

 I have written to the Department of Agriculture and to every other con- 

 ceivable source of information I can get, and they don't know any more 

 about it than I do what is the cause, nor how to prevent it. I notice this, 

 when a Baldwin apple tree has a partial crop, and the fruit is inclined to 

 run very large, you will get that brown spot; where with a full crop, on the 

 same tree, and the fruit just medium size, the apple seems to be firmer, 

 coarse in texture, and don't get that brown leathery spot on the skin. I 

 don't know any remedy for it. 



THE HORTICULTURIST'S EDUCATION. 



(bURT WERMUTH, DETROIT.) 



I believe it is Russel Conwell who tells the story of a young man down in 

 one of the New England states who had given his time, while attending one 

 of the eastern universities, to the study of mining engineering. He was a most 

 thorough student and his scholarly ability, together with a gift of common 

 sense, had won from his masters the prophecy that some day he would become 

 one of the leading men along the lines of study he had pursued. In his 

 search for knowledge he had made the acquaintance of several men who 

 had spent considerable time in practical mining surveying and engineering. 

 Some of these men became friendly with the young man and often called 

 at his home. These acquaintances soon nurtured a desire in the heart of our 

 young friend to go into some of the great mining districts, where he might 

 put into practice the knowledge he had already obtained. One day, while 

 seated, on a stone fence in front of his home conversing with a friend, he 

 expressed this longing. The friend was sympathizing when, upon glancing 

 at the stone upon which the young man was seated he observed what he 

 thought to be valuable ore. It afterwards proved true and the discovery 

 led to the finding of a rich vein in that ver}' neighborhood. 



We all know the career of Frederick Douglass who started in life not even 

 owning his own body, for he was a slave, and by dint of determination he 



