CENTREVILLE INSTITUTE. 377 



Mr. Dougherty: I have always been very careful of my manure. To throw 

 dt under the eaves to leach and fire-fang is to throw it away. The best way 

 is to haul it out as fast as made and spread on the grass fields. I know of 

 no better way to make use of it. Spread with a manure spreader and it will 

 not trouble you when you mow. The more manure we make the better. In 

 England, if they can get the cost of their feed in selling their stock, they 

 consider themselves paid, and call the manure good pay for their labor. I 

 have not used a manure spreader myself, but think well of them, and would 

 recommend two neighbors to keep one and use it together. 



Mr. Sharp: Suppose a man tries to fertilize by stable manure, how much 

 -of his land can he cover per year? Is not clovering cheaper? 



Mr. Sadler: My brother-in-law farms 400 acres in Iowa, and composts his 

 manure with earth, and then when thoroughly rotted scatters with a 

 spreader. 



Mr. Angevine: The Kemp spreader distributes the manure just as it is 

 put into the spreader. Peppermint straw is worth $4 or $5 a ton as feed for 

 stock, so that it is too expensive to rot down as bedding. 



Question: Can a $2,000 mortgage be raised from an average 80 acre farm 

 by an average farmer? 



Senator Mars : The impression has been given that this could be easily 

 done. It seems to me that for most farmers the best thing to do with such 

 a mortgage on 80 acres would be to move off and try to start fresh on cheaper 

 lands. I find the mortgage ridden farms are grinding out the lives of the 

 women on the farms. If you have not money enough to buy 80 acres, buy 

 two acres or whatever you can pay for, but don't weight yourself down with 

 a burden of debt. If you have such a debt get rid of it by letting the mort- 

 gagee have enough of the land to pay the debt and live yourself on what 

 remains. 



Question: How make kerosene emulsion? 



Prof. Cook : Take one quart soft soap or one-fourth pound hard soap, one 

 quart water, one pint kerosene, mix and stir very thoroughly and then add 

 five quarts water. 



Question : How kill lice on cattle? 



Prof. Cook : Sprinkle with dust in summer, or coal ashes in winter, or use 

 kerosene emulsion, or take one pound of 10 or 15 cent tobacco in a pail and 

 add two gallons boiling water. Then swab all over the animal, which need 

 not take ten minutes; blanket if the day is cool. Once is usually effective. 

 If Buhach is used, two or three times is usually effective. Some animals 

 seem especially lousy and need to be washed two or three times in a winter. 



Question : How kill cabbage worm? 



Answer : Buhach, which can best be bought of the Buhach Manufacturing 

 Co., Stockton, Cal., is better than hellebore. 



Question: Should farmers pay taxes while they are as unequally levied as 

 at present? 



Passed. 



Question: How long will Michigan submit to unjust legislation? 



Prof. Cook : It seems to me farmers have a grievance in that they pay 

 interest on mortgages and pay taxes on the whole land. How get it righted? 

 Through farmers having more influence in legislation. Let the grangers 

 unite their force. Why not let the farmer pay his full tax, but receive an 



