LECTURES AND ESSAYS READ AT INSTITUTES. 119 



when starting, while young and tender, like corn are subject to be preyed upon 

 by the cut worm. 



There is also another enemy of these plants that needs looking after. I am 

 unable to name it. A small worm from one-half an inch to an inch in length. 

 This worm is either bred in the cane, or finds a lodgment there while the cane 

 is young and tender, eats out the pith, and the cane droops and dies. By 

 spliting open the cane it can easily be found and destroyed. The only avail- 

 able remedy for the rust among raspberries and blackberries is to remove them 

 as soon as possible, root and branch, to a convenient spot and burn them. If 

 contagious, this may prevent the fungoid spores from spreading; if not, we are 

 only removing what is utterly worthless. 



On grape culture I wish to say but little. The subject is too comprehensive 

 to mix up with any other. All I can here urge is for every farmer who has a 

 spare rod of ground, and who has not even many, to set from one to fifty vines 

 upon any well drained soil, whether it be sand loam, clay loam, or pure clay, 

 no matter how hard. Prepare the soil well ; in case of hard clay deep plowing 

 and thorough pulverization is essential to a good beginning. Give them plenty 

 of room ; when one or two years old keep them well tied up to stakes or trellis, 

 and when the season for pruning arrives go to some successful grape culturist 

 for instructions, and you will get more practical information in one hour than 

 you would be likely to get in any other way in a week. If this is not practicable 

 go to work and cut the last year's wood back to one or two eyes, except where 

 the greater part of the vine is required for fruiting. Leave only wood enough 

 for a fair crop. 



The Concord, for general culture, stands at the head of American grapes. 

 For quality, we have none equal to the Delaware. For the grape rot a liberal 

 application of fresh lime spread over the surface of the ground might have a 

 tendency to arrest the disorder through atmospheric infiuence. For mildew, 

 an application or two of two parts pulverized sulphur and one part fresh air- 

 slacked lime, applied with a common hand bellows, just before going into 

 bloom, and again later in the season if mildew appears, may prove both a 

 remedy and preventive. Fumigating the vines witli common roll brimstone 

 might prove equally or more effective. 



FRUIT FOU THE FARMER. 



BY E. H. SCOTT. 

 [Prepared for the Chelsea Institute— not read.] 



Me. Pkesident, Ladies and Gentlemex, — In relation to health this topic 

 is one of the greatest importance. There is nothing more conducive to good 

 health than good ripe fruit. 



For family use a succession of kinds of all fruits is desirable. The apple 

 being most generally used and first in importance claims our first attention. 

 I could name the following varieties as good for Southern Michigan : Early 

 Harvest, Red Astrachan, Large Yellow Bough (commonly called Sweet Bough), 

 Hawley, Gravenstein, Baldwin, R. I. Greening, Green Sweet, Red Canadaj 



