138 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



abundance to develop in time just as good a liorse as the Cleveland Bay, 

 except the uniformity iu color, which we may approach ; and we will have 

 superiority in speed. As the horse must get his start in all good qualities, — 

 disposition, constitution, form, and style, — by inheritance, it will be necessary 

 to breed the best to the best to begin with. Then, by a careful, systematic, 

 and persistent course of inbreeding and crossing of such breeds, families, and 

 individuals, as will be most likely to transmit the uniformity of conformation 

 and character desired, we shall in a few generations establish our breed. Sires 

 must be selected on their individual merits. Wherever you find the ideal 

 horse, take him ; if he is a fast trotter all the better ; if of a family noted for 

 size and beauty, still the better. Find dams of the same type in the same 

 way. Don't throw all the responsibility on one parent. To produce in a 

 I'easonable time an invaluable race of horses for the farm, coach, or road, if 

 the ideal horse and mare cannot be had or are too expensive, the best common 

 mares, with a preponderance of trotting or thoroughbred blood, might be 

 coupled with the most intelligent, active, healthy, well formed, compact, wiry, 

 strong, and enduring draft stallion of small size, Norman or English. The 

 female product crossed in due time with the most intelligent, active, healthy, 

 best formed, best natured, and largest trotting horse, Hambletonian, Bashan, 

 or Clay; the female progeny again bred to a trotter of the same character, or 

 the most intelligent, active, healthy, best formed and largest thoroughbred, 

 and in most cases the fourth generation would be the ideal horse, the animal 

 of most practical value and worth. 



This is the way the fine large California roadsters were bred. A few breed- 

 ers imported some small, compact, fine style Clydesdales — coupling them 

 with finer strains, increasing the size of brood mares, and retaining much of 

 the quality of the better blood. These were coupled with Elmo, a large 

 thoroughbred, a lineal descendant of the imported Barb Grand Bashaw, and 

 the female product crossed with the grand large trotter Belmont. This breed- 

 ing has left its impress on every class of horses on the Pacific coast. On the 

 race-course, on the trotting tracks, on the road, before the carriage, on the 

 farms hauling the heavy trucks of the cities, stages, street railways, every- 

 where are to be found these descendants, and in every situation playing well 

 their part, and gaining honor in evei*y field. 



Or, you may select the best, large, well made mares, of the best constitution, 

 shape, action, temper, and style, wherever you can pick them up one-fourth 

 grade drafters, or better large trotting mares, and cross these with a large 

 thoroughbred or trotter of good bone and muscle, and perfect symmetry; 

 2d, 3d, or 4th rate of speed is as handsome, stylish, as first-class, and perhaps 

 better for getting offspring for the purpose of the farmer or citizen. By 

 careful selection, and adaptation, in four or five generations, or even less, we 

 should have a horse as good in all respects as the Cleveland Bay, and better 

 in action and speed instinct. 



This is the way the Cleveland Bay was made. Fifty years ago these horses 

 were large and coarse in all their points, and sluggish goers, — more like the 

 amiable old cow than the spirited smart steppers they now are. But they were 

 strong, healthy, and long lived. The females were a good foundation for a 

 better progeny. They were coupled with stout thoroughbreds, and hunters of 

 a bright bay color; and the female offspring again coupled to thoroughbreds 

 and hunters, and the third generation were largely made up of the lofty, 

 powerful, stylish, rapid, enduring Cleveland Bay of the present day. 



Until farmers realize the necessity of more careful study of the science and 



