LECTURES AND ESSAYS READ AT INSTITUTES. Id 



sider that the extracted can be produced for about 60% of the cost of comb 

 honey we feel satisfied it will largely supersede comb honey. One hundred 

 pounds of extracted honey can be obtained from a colony as easily as sixty 

 pounds of comb honey, this is readily understood when we inform you that a 

 colony of bees will gather fifteen pounds of honey in the time necessary to 

 build one pound of comb, and as one set of combs will last many years, the 

 production of extracted entirely would nearly double the annual yield, modified 

 only by the amount of extracted now produced. 



If a person desires an increase of colonics by natural swarming, he will 

 secure such increase much more rapidly by managing his bees for comb honey. 

 In extracting, the swarming impulse is quite generally destroyed, and very few 

 swarms will be cast in a yard employed in producing extracted honey. 



'hOXEY lOR MARKET. 



0. 



Very valuable improvement has been make in the last few years in prepar- 

 ing honey for market in a neat form, and in packages suiting the customers. 

 The one pound section and pails for extracted honey are now the popular 

 styles and answer the demands of the market. A half-pound section is used 

 by some, but it seems to be too small for general use. 



^VINTERING. 



This is the great question of questions with bee-keepers, " How best to 

 winter the bees?" I have tried outdoor, chaff, hive wintering, wintered in 

 clumps, and in the cellar, and deem a good cellar the best place. It should 

 be so arranged that it shall be entirely dark, of an even temperature, say 

 from 40° to 45° above zero, and with proper ventilation to secure a sufficient 

 supply of fresh pure air, these conditions are essential. Much discussion is 

 now being had as to the effect of pollen and dampness in wintering, and 

 without doubt new facts will be established. I have used cellars exclusively 

 for six years past, and have suffered an average loss of about ten per cent, of 

 my stocks each winter. This loss might have been reduced had I been 

 situated so as to have personally supervised their preparation for winter. 



YIELD OF HONEY. 



As honey is the principal object for which bees are kept, you will doubtless 

 desire to know what amount of honey is usually obtained from a colony of 

 bees. 



From forty to eighty pounds of surplus honey per colony is generally 

 secured from apiaries well managed. Last season was about an average season 

 with us and our colonies averaged sixty-seven pounds each ; one hundred and 

 fifty colonies used in the production of honey, giving us ten thousand pounds 

 of surplus. 



Thus I have very briefly outlined the general plan upon which I have man- 

 aged my apiaries. The practical bee-keeper will find nothing new in the mat- 

 ter presented in this paper, but as many of you are not experienced in this 

 occupation, a general consideration of the most important features of it will 

 doubtless interest you more than the discussion of some technical points which 

 would please the experienced operator only. 



At the close of Mr. Cheney's address, Mr. Cobb gave a few of his ideas 

 about bee keeping. He said: "Everyone must have a definite system n 

 keeping bees, and follow it closely. By placing surplus hives near a full 



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